1. Figure 1 - Water in the United Kingdom
Year 11 Easter holiday Homework part 2 You have been given a hard copy of the pre-release material for paper 3’s issue evaluation paper that you will be taking on the 11th June. This part of your holiday work is to ensure that you have a sound understanding of the sources that you have been given so that you are able to use them effectively in the GCSE exam. We will be using your answers to this work when we arrive back to school to work together on how you are going to be as successful as possible with this part of paper 3. You must complete all activities on this paper to the best of your ability and have it ready for submission on the 18th April. If you are unsure of anything please use the revision books which you have been provided or alternatively contact me on
Figure 1 - Water in the United Kingdom

2. Figure 1 - Water in the United Kingdom
Exploratory activities
Highlight the key terms from the first page of Figure 1 and begin a glossary in your book. You might include some words that are not in the figure but are relevant to the topic.
For example:
Annual rainfall
Aquifer
Consumption
Demand
Densely populated
Scarcely populated
Supply
Water stress
Direct water consumption
Indirect water consumption
Environment Agency
Leakage
Non-household demand
Household demand
There are more!
On the annual rainfall map:
Add UK borders
Label the country names
Identify key regions, e.g. northern England, south-east England, western Scotland.
Describe the location of… (England, Scotland, Wales, Oxford, London, etc.)
What is the connection between annual rainfall and levels of water stress across the UK.
Stretch: using the population data that you have added to your map (+ your own K+U), suggest reasons why some places in the UK have serious levels of water stress while others have only low or moderate levels.

3. Exploratory activities
Calculate the total daily water consumption for the UK, considering that there are 66 million people in the UK. Now calculate the total daily consumption, taking into account ‘indirect’ water use.
Discuss the difference between DIRECT WATER CONSUMPTION and INDIRECT WATER CONSUMPTION with a partner. You should understand the meanings if you’ve defined in your glossary, and be able to give examples and data.
Make two lists under the headings DIRECT WATER CONSUMPTION and INDIRECT WATER CONSUMPTION. Put the following examples under the correct headings: washing machines, showers, water-intensive foods e.g. tomatoes and lettuce, manufactured goods, tap water, washing up, watering garden, baths. Add others that your class comes up with.
Make a brainstorm to suggest reasons for the predicted rise in water demand. Think about population, wealth, lifestyle and other factors you can think of.
Stretch: Using information from Figure 1, begin to brainstorm ways that water stress might be managed in the UK.
Highlight the key terms from the second page of Figure 1. Add to your glossary and define. E.g.
Aquifer
Canals
Controversial
Drought
Transfer project
Underground water sources
Water companies
Others?
Study the map showing major water transfer schemes. What do the blue dots indicate? What do the black arrows indicate? What do the red arrows indicate?
With a partner, discuss what you notice about:
The direction that water is transferred in (use N/E/S/W)
The regions/places providing water transfers
The regions/places receiving water transfers
The distances that water is currently transferred
The distances that water would travel via the
proposed schemes

4. List at least 3 reasons why water transfers are being proposed.
Add the term stakeholder to your glossary. A stakeholder is a person or group that has an interest in or opinion about a scheme.
Identify some of the stakeholders mentioned in Figure 1. What are do you think their views would be on transferring water across the UK, and why would they hold these opinions? Do you foresee any conflict?
Describe the pattern of rainfall across the UK, using data from Figure 1. [2 marks]
Give one similarity in the rainfall patterns of Scotland and England. [1 mark]
Contrast the annual rainfall of Scotland and England. [2 marks]
Calculate the maximum difference in annual rainfall for Glasgow and Newcastle. Show your working. [2 marks]
Give two examples of household water use. [2 marks]
Suggest two reasons why non-household water use in the UK has risen. [2 marks]
Study Figure 1, which states ‘Water stress can cause too much water to be removed from underground sources of water and rivers, damaging the environment.’
Give two ways that the environment can be damaged by over-extraction. [2 marks]
Way 1:
Way 2:
6-mark exam-style questions:
Suggest why the demand for water in the UK is likely to change in the future.
Using Figure 1, suggest why water transfer may be required to some parts of the UK and not others.
‘The problem is not that the UK lacks water supply but rather that demand is unsustainable.’ Using Figure 1 and your own understanding, discuss this statement.

5. Figure 2 - Managing water demand in Oxfordshire
Highlight the key terms from Figure 2. Add to your glossary and define. E.g.
Abstracted
Agricultural
Alleviate
Clay vale
Consumer consumption
Embankment
Industrial growth
Leakage
Low-volume toilet cisterns
River basin
Read the information about reservoirs.
Add ‘Reservoir’ to your glossary and define it.
Make notes on the benefits of reservoirs.
Make notes on the factors to consider when deciding on a reservoir location.

6. Describe the proposed location of the Abingdon reservoir
Describe the proposed location of the Abingdon reservoir. Think about location at both the local and river basin scales.
7. Describe the proposed site of the Abingdon reservoir. You might talk about features such as relief of the land (high or low-lying? Can you give data from contour lines?), geology (what rock type?), urban or rural, current land use, etc.
Exploratory activities
8. Study the OS map extract. Ask questions about aspects of the map that are unclear to you- first ask a classmate, then your teacher will ask you to share your discussions.
Using an OS map key (e.g. provided), study the OS map extract again. Label features such as the road types, land use, dotted lines, and any symbols that you don’t recognise.
After studying the OS map extract, you should have a good sense of:
What the area of the proposed reservoir site is like
How large the proposed reservoir will be
Which buildings/areas of land will be covered by water if the project goes ahead
Some more of the stakeholders involved
Can you add any detail to your description of the proposed site (question 7)?

7. Short-answer exam-style questions:
Approximately how far is the site of the proposed Abingdon reservoir from London? ___km [1 mark]
In what direction would water be transferred in order to take it from Abingdon to London? [1 mark]
Of the water that falls annually in the Thames basin, how much is lost to evaporation and transpiration? Shade one circle to indicate the one correct answer.
486mm
243mm
660mm

8. This shows only a portion of the OS extract!
Short-answer exam-style questions:
Using Figure 2, give two physical features of the proposed site for the Abingdon reservoir. [2 marks]
Feature 1:
Feature 2:
Suggest one reason, unrelated to question 4 above, to explain why this site has been proposed for the reservoir. [2 marks]
Give the four figure grid reference for the south-western border of the reservoir. [1 mark]
Give the six figure grid reference for Orchard Farm. [1 mark]
Using Figure 2, describe the current land use in the proposed reservoir site. [3 marks]
Using Figure 2 and your own understanding, suggest one stakeholder that may be against the proposed reservoir site and explain why. [2 marks]
Study Figure 2, ‘Managing water demand in Oxfordshire’, in the resource booklet.
What is the approximate area of the proposed reservoir shown on the Ordnance Survey extract?
Shade one circle only.
A 2 sq km
B 5 sq km
C 7 sq km
D 1 sq mile

9. Figure 3 - A new reservoir for Oxfordshire?
6-mark exam-style questions:
Using Figure 2 and your own understanding, suggest why water transfer schemes may cause conflict.
Using Figure 2 and your own understanding, suggest why this site has been proposed for a reservoir.
‘Projects to reduce water stress disadvantage rural areas whilst benefiting urban areas.’ Assess this statement.
With the help of Figure 2, evaluate the importance of physical factors when choosing a reservoir site.
Figure 3 - A new reservoir for Oxfordshire?
Exploratory activities
Highlight the key terms from Figure 2. Add to your glossary and define. E.g.
Agricultural
Alleviate
Consumer consumption
Embankment
HGVs
Industrial growth
Low-volume toilet cisterns
River basin
Water abstraction
Wetland wildlife habitats
Others?

10. Study the historic and projected water use data for Oxford below.
Verbally, describe the changes to water use between to , using data.
Can you give…
The mean?
The median?
The range?
Study the statements below. In pairs, decide whether they are true or false.
I can read the temperature and rainfall data by looking at the right axis. T/F
Demand for water in the Thames Valley is generally between litres per day. T/F
Rainfall is consistent each month in the Thames Valley. T/F
Demand for water in the Thames Valley decreases when rainfall decreases. T/F
Demand for water in the Thames Valley remains fairly consistent regardless of rainfall. T/F

11. Exploratory activities
The information about Farmoor reservoir is showing you an example of an existing reservoir in Oxfordshire. It gives you an idea of what the proposed Abingdon reservoir will look like, and how it might affect the landscape.
Using highlighters, create a key (ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL, ECONOMIC) to identify different types of impacts likely to result from building a reservoir at Abingdon.
Stretch: rank these impacts in terms of their significance, then justify your ranking.
Read the provided information about Thames Water, the EA and Pond Conservation. For each group, identify what they would see as the main advantages to the proposed reservoir (example above)

12. Short-answer exam-style questions
Create a table to summarise different perspectives over the proposed reservoir at Abingdon. Use evidence from the entire pre-release to do this, and reference where you have found the information. An example has been done for you. Add other relevant groups that you can think of.
Impacts of reservoir
For
Against
Local
Wider UK
Short term
Long term
Environmental
Economic
Social
Short-answer exam-style questions
Using Figure 3, complete the graph to show predicted water use for [1 mark]
Using the data provided for water use between to in Figure 3, calculate the range. Show your working. [2 marks].
Give one reason why it is difficult to predict future water use. [1 mark]

13. Consolidating Knowledge and understanding for the decision
6-mark exam-style questions:
Study Figure 3, ‘A new reservoir for Oxfordshire?’, in the resource booklet.
‘Reducing water leakage and encouraging people to use less water is unlikely to solve the problem of the growing demand for water.’
Use Figure 3 and your own understanding to discuss this statement.
Suggest why some groups oppose plans for a reservoir near Abingdon.
‘Reservoirs provide a range of environmental opportunities.’
Use Figure 3 to help you assess this statement.
Explain why the proposed reservoir is an example of an ‘economic/environmental’ conflict.
Consolidating Knowledge and understanding for the decision
Exploratory activities
The pre-release mentions some alternative approaches to managing water demand. Create a table to summarise each strategy and stakeholder in favour + against the strategy.
Strategy description
How would it reduce water stress?
Key advantage
Key disadvantage
A stakeholder group that might be in favour + why
A stakeholder group that might be against + why
Reduce demand
Repair leaking pipes
Recycle sewage water
Desalination plants

14. Stretch activities
Read this article (must use on the school website) about leakage – make notes to explain why leaking pipes pose environmental and economic challenges.
Use YouTube to research reservoirs and their economic, social and environmental impacts. Use your judgement- avoid poorly researched videos. Also remember that the views of official organisations/companies should be analysed- what are the reasons for each view?
Conduct further research into some key stakeholder groups…
The Environment Agency
Thames Water
Group Against Reservoir Development (GARD) + article about GARD’s position in local newspaper The Herald
Write a very short plan before you begin your answer! This only needs to be a few words. It helps you to know your argument + the key points that you need to make.
Use an introduction to directly answer the question in 1-2 sentences. The examiner should know your argument right from the start.
Use evidence from the pre-release materials, and reference your evidence, e.g. ‘Figure 1 shows that...’ or ‘Water consumption is set to rise in Oxfordshire (Fig.3)’.
Your answer should be structured, e.g. an introduction, 2x main body paragraphs and a conclusion. You can ask for extra paper in the exam. Separate your paragraphs.
Make sure that you respond to the command term.
You do not have to provide a perfectly balanced argument. Your focus should be on justifying your view with evidence. It is smart to acknowledge that there are other valid opinions, but don’t waste half of your answer explaining them!
WRITE A CONCLUSION. You use the conclusion to clearly summarise your most important point/s. Taken by itself, your conclusion should provide a short answer to the overall question.