2. Endosymbiotic Theory
Endosymbiotic Theory proposes that eukaryotic cells arose from living communities formed by prokaryotic organisms.
Endo- means inside
-symbiotic means relationship

3. Endosymbiotic Theory Prokaryotes entered ancestral eukaryotes
Prokaryotes did NOT act as a parasite by infecting
the host (eukaryote)
Eukaryotes did NOT digest the prokaryotes
Instead, the smaller prokaryotes began LIVING
inside the larger cell – giving rise to eukaryotes

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Endosymbiotic Theory
1st - Mitochondria & Chloroplasts have DNA similar to bacterial DNA.
2nd – Mitochondria & Chloroplasts have ribosomes whose size & structure resembles those of bacteria.
3rd – Like bacteria, Mitochondria & Chloroplasts reproduce by binary fission when the cells containing them divide by mitosis.
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6. Which of the following summarizes the Endosymbiotic Theory?
Clicker Question #17
Which of the following summarizes the Endosymbiotic Theory?
Mitochondria & chloroplasts in eukaryotes were once prokaryotes
Ribosomes & lysosomes in eukaryotes were once prokaryotes
Mitochondria & chloroplasts are now found inside prokaryotes
None of the above

7. Which of the following are true?
Clicker Question #18
Which of the following are true?
Mitochondria has DNA similar to prokaryotes
Ribosomes in eukaryotes are similar to prokaryotes
When mitochondria create more of themselves, they divide similar to how prokaryotes divide
All of the above

8. Viruses
Virus comes from the Latin word for “poison”
Virus are particles of nucleic acid, protein, and in some cases lipids that can reproduce only by infecting living cells.
Viruses are so small that they can only be seen using an electron microscope.
Flu Virus
Ebola Virus
AIDS Virus
Bacteriaphage

9. Viruses Viruses have NO organelles!
A typical virus is composed of a core of either DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat.
Common Cold Virus
Small Pox Virus
Polio Virus
Herpes Virus

10. Viruses A virus’s outer protein coat is called its capsid.
A capsid is an outer protein coat that enables a virus to enter a host cell.
The capsid binds to the surface of a cell and “tricks” the cell into allowing it inside.

11. Viruses Once inside the cell, the viral genes take over.
The cell transcribes (reads and copies) the viral genes, putting the genetic program of the virus into effect.
And often times the virus destroys the host cell

12. Click here to compare size!
Viruses
Vaccine: A preparation of a weakened or killed pathogen, upon injection, stimulates antibody production or cellular immunity against the pathogen but is incapable of causing severe infection (sickness).
A world wide vaccination program was able to eliminate smallpox!
Antibiotics NEVER cure viral infections!!...ONLY Bacteria
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Small pox

13. Viruses Video

14. Compare & Contrast Cells & Viruses
Bacteria
(cells)
Both
Must have host to reproduce
Reproduces on their own
DNA or RNA
Has organelles
Has NO organelles
Cause disease
Large in size
Extremely small in size
Cell wall for protection
Capsid for protection

15. Which of the following statements is true about viruses?
Clicker Question #19
Which of the following statements is true about viruses?
Viruses do not have DNA
Viruses must have a host to reproduce
Antibiotics kill viruses
Viruses have organelles

16. Which of the following is the smallest?
Clicker Question #20
Which of the following is the smallest?
White blood cell
Pollen
Bacteria
Virus

17. Which of the following do viruses NOT have?
Clicker Question #21
Which of the following do viruses NOT have?
Organelles
Capsid
Genetic material
They have all of the above

18. DNA is located here: Clicker Question #22 Chloroplast Nucleus
Lysosomes
Vacuoles

19. The End