1. Unit 9 Late Middle Ages and Renaissance Days 1&2 Nation States, Mongols, and the Fall of Constantinople

2. Learning Objectives Keys to Success
Explore the founding of European Nation States (England, France, Spain, Russia) and how they consolidated power and expanded territory.
Explore the, the Mongol Empire and the Fall of Constantinople to the Ottomans.
Keys to Success
I can, in complete sentences, pick one of the European monarchies and describe how it expanded it’s territories and consolidate it’s power.

3. Emergence of Nation States
European monarchies consolidated power and began forming nation-states in the late medieval period
Monarchy – Country/state that is ruled by a King or Queen
Nation-State – Group of people who share a common culture who are united in one country/state

4. England
England was united by William the Conqueror, leader of the Norman Conquest
England was a land that included Angles, Saxons, and Vikings

5. The Battle of Hastings
In 1066, William the Conqueror defeated the Saxon army at the Battle of Hastings
William was the Duke of Normandy. Normandy was a region of northern France.
The Battle of Hastings marks the beginning of Norman rule in England

6. England and Common Law
Common Law – Unified body of laws that was formed in England.
Common law had its beginning during Henry II’s reign
Henry II was a descendant of William the Conqueror,
Henry II improved the royal courts of justice by sending royal judges to every part of England.
Royal court rulings became known as common law
Common law principles are the basis for law in many English-speaking countries, including the US

7. England and the Magna Carta
Magna Carta – Document that protects basic political rights in England.
King John signed Magna Carta, limiting King’s power
Henry II is succeeded by his son John
English nobles forced John to sign the Magna Carta. Guaranteed basic political rights and limited the king’s power
Nobles wanted protection & to limit king’s power
Eventually the Magna Carta applied to all citizens
No taxation without representation, jury trials and protection of the law

8. Evolution of Parliament
Parliament – Group of representatives that make laws for a nation.
King Edward I calls Parliament, 2 knights and 2 nobles from every county to serve as a parliament (legislative group)
Edward I needed tax money for war against France.
Parliament becomes strong & controls royal power

9. England and the Hundred Years’ War
The Hundred Years’ War – War fought between England and France. It helped define England as a nation
War was fought for control of the French throne after the last of the French Capetian kings died without a successor
English troops will invade France but lose. Eventually French troops will drive English troops back.
The English longbow ended the use of armored knights

11. France and the Capetian Dynasty
Hugh Capet established the French throne in Paris, and his dynasty gradually expanded their control over most of France
Hugh Capet was a Duke that became King of France and began the Capetian dynasty of French kings that ruled from 987 to 1328
Capetian kings eventually united all of France

12. France and the Hundred Years’ War
The Hundred Years’ War – War fought between England and France. It helped define France as a nation
War was fought for control of the French throne after the last of the French Capetian kings died without a successor
English troops will invade France. Eventually French troops will drive English troops back.
Joan of Arc was a unifying factor in France

13. Joan of Arc was a French peasant girl who claimed to hear heavenly voices that told her to lead a French army against the English.
She led the French to military victories.
She was captured & was tried as a witch and heretic
Joan of Arc was burned alive at the stake

14. Spain
Ferdinand and Isabella unified the country and expelled Jews and Muslim Moors
Spanish king and queen that married and jointly ruled Spain beginning in 1474
Spanish Inquisition – Used torture and violence to punish people who offended the Church or would not convert to Christianity

15. Spanish Inquisition

16. Charles V
The Spanish Empire in the Western Hemisphere expanded under Charles V
Charles V - Grandson of Ferdinand and Isabella
In early 1500s, Spanish explorers, Cortes and Pizarro, conquered Americas (Mexico & Peru)

17. Russia
Beginning in the middle 1200s, the Mongols, fierce warrior-horsemen from central Asia invaded Russia
Most famous Mongol leader was Genghis Khan
In 1240, the Mongols conquered the Russian city of Kiev and held power in Russia for the next 200 years
Mongol rulers demanded obedience and tribute. Mongols were defeated by Ivan the Great.
Ivan the Great overthrew the Mongols, centralized power in Moscow and expanded the Russian nation.

18. Russia and Ivan the Great
Ivan the Great centralized Russian power in Moscow
Moscow was founded in the 1100s and is strategically located near three rivers: Volga, Dnieper and Don
Power was centralized in the czars
Ivan the Great calls himself czar, Russian for Caesar
Czars rule Russia until the Russian Revolution of 1917
The Orthodox Church influenced unification
Russia gained a powerful ally, the Church.

19. The Mongol Empire
Mongol armies invaded Russia, Southwest Asia, and China creating an empire
In the early 1200s, the Mongols, led by Genghis Khan, invaded other lands destroying cities and countryside
Genghis Khan dies but his successors expanded the Mongol empire.
Mongols created an empire
Created the largest empire in history.
Mongol armies destroyed cites and irrigation systems
From mid-1200s to mid-1300s, Mongols imposed stability and law and order (Mongol Peace) across Eurasia
The result was safety for caravan traders, diffusion of ideas and goods, and possibly the spread of the bubonic plaque from Asia

20. Constantinople in the Late Medieval Period
Ottoman Turks conquered the Byzantine Empire
Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Turks in ending the Byzantine Empire
Constantinople was renamed Istanbul
Turned the Hagia Sophia into a mosque
Istanbul became the empire’s capital
Empire reached its peak under Suleiman who dominated the eastern Mediterranean, North African coastline, and central European countries of Hungary and Austria

21. Exit Ticket
I can, in writing, pick one of the European monarchies and describe how they expanded their territories and consolidate their power.
Complete on the bottom of the warm up