1. Human trafficking in Canada
By: Leah & Maddison

2. What is Human Trafficking?
Human trafficking can be classified under many names, though it is most commonly known as modern-day slavery.
There are many different types of human trafficking, while some more common than others, though all are present in Canada.
There are six main types of trafficking:

3. Sex Trafficking A person being forced into the commercial sex industry
Common ages to enter into this is 14-16
Held against will via...
Fraud
Bribery
Coercion
This can be in many forms
Prostitution
Pornography
Sexual Performance
Or any other sexual act done in exchange for goods or money

4. Forced Labor
The act of being forced into work/labor with no rewards or pay.
Involuntary work
Most commonly used in industries that create products
Most forced labor is invoked by imposing any kind of major penalty
violence or intimidation
manipulated debt
retention of identity papers
threats of denunciation to immigration authorities.
Threats towards family\friends

5. Bondage Labor/Debt Bondage
Bondage labor or, debt bondage is one of the more common forms of modern slavery.
Forced labor is when someone is forced and manipulated into a cycle of ‘repaying’ a debt.
The grand majority, if not all of what they earn goes towards paying off their debt
In some cases, entire families work to pay off one person's debt

6. Domestic Servitude Domestic Servitude is a form of forced labor.
Victims of domestic servitude
Often start off as nannies or other forms of help
When their job becomes forced (I.E. lack of payment/ held against will) it becomes slavery

7. Forced Child Labor
The act of forcing an under aged child into any form of work while being deprived of their:
Childhood
potential
dignity
payment

8. Child Recrutement/Child Soldiers
Child soldiers are children as young as 8 years of age that are trained to go into the armed forces
often placed in the front line
sent on suicide missions
sent as messengers/spies

9. Stats
Between there were 506 police reported incidents that involved human trafficking
396 victims 93% of these were female
47% were between the ages of 18-24
25% were under the age of 18
91% of victims knew the person accused of the crime
30% of victims experienced physical injury as a result of human trafficking
83% of traffickers were male
In April of 2012, according to publicsafty.gc.ca there were approximately 56 cases on human trafficking before the courts
There was at least 85 accused and 136 victims
At least 26 of these victims were underage at the time
Less than 10% of these cases involved people brought in from other countries

10. Who?
Statistics show that the majority of traffickers are male canadian citizens
Typically between the ages of
Female traffickers have often worked with a male partner.
The most common victims of human trafficking in Canada are female citizens
Between the ages of 14-22, typically caucasian.
Often targets are at a higher risk when in need of financial support or desire affection.
Others at constant risk include
Aboriginal women and youth,
migrants and new immigrant,
teenage runaways/ orphans

11. Where does it affect?
The most common places for sexual exploitation are...
Nightclubs/ bars
Modeling studios
Escort services
Massage Parlors
Private residences
And social media
Human Trafficking in canada is most commonly found in…
Ontario
Quebec
Alberta
British Columbia
Major cities are often common ground for human trafficking.

12. What are the methods traffickers use?
Human trafficking is done in steps:
False trust
This is done by luring the victim in with a sense of safety
Often with fake job offers, a false affection, promise of adventure, promises of protection, etc…
Isolation/ Transportation
The victim is then lured into a place to be singled out
This can be the “workplace” they were promised or an invitation to a new city to start a new life
Whatever the case, it is usually voluntary at this stage due to lies set in stage one
Exploitation
Once alone, the traffickers will use/ exploit their victims
They often don't run due to threats, abuse and, a feeling of having nowhere to go

13. Why do people traffick? High profit Low risk
$99 billion from commercial sexual exploitation
$34 billion in construction, manufacturing, mining and utilities
$9 billion in agriculture, including forestry and fishing
$8 billion dollars is saved annually by private households that employ domestic workers under conditions of forced labor
Low risk
Victims fear coming forward due to lack of protection from the Criminal Justice System.
Low conviction rate
Minimal sentence of 4-6 years

14. Why is it so hard to end? Most trafficking in Canada goes unreported
Due to fear of threats
A victims reliance on their trafficker
Money
Emotional bonds
And many other psychological bonds
Going under the radar
Often there is no news coverage on stories like these
Therefore, authorities do not often get proper training
The public is not made aware
Lack of knowledge means easier victims

15. Why is it so hard to end? An overwhelming issue Legal Definitions
Victims are being abducted faster than they can be freed
This piles back making it a losing uphill battle
Legal Definitions
With unclear laws made in the past it is not extremely difficult to find loopholes
Authorities are forced to follow laws and jump through hoops to stop this issue

16. What is done to prevent it?
In Canada, there are many organizations in place which include but are not limited to:
The Canadian Center To End Human Trafficking
The only nationwide organization to end human trafficking in Canada
Their goal is to create a strategy for change that can be applied throughout Canada.
SAME
Visits schools and businesses to spread awareness and information on human trafficking and modern slavery
They are based in Ontario and make their primary focus schools.
Pauktuutit
They stand to empower Inuit women and provide a safe welcome space

17. Discussion
Please take five minutes to discuss the questions provided in a group:
What are effective way you can think of to reduce or stop human trafficking?
Why is it still such a persistent issue today even though widely accepted as wrong?
How is Canada's prison system bordering the line of legality/slavery?

18. Story
“ ‘Broken’ is the same word Detective-Sergeant Nunzio Tramontizzi of of the Toronto police force’s human Trafficking enforcement team uses to describe one girl he came across recently. She’d been locked in a basement apartment and forced to service men there and at hotels and in cars.
‘And how old was she?’ Tramontizzi was asked, ‘13’ ”
-Grant, Tavia. “The Trafficked: How Sex Trafficking Works in Canada.” theglobeandmail.com.

19. Sources: globalnews.ca www.publicsafety.gc.ca www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca