1. Autonomous & Connected Vehicles
C-V2X: 4G  5G  6G
Halim Yanıkömeroğlu
Carleton University

2. Oct 1999: FCC allocated 75 MHz spectrum @ 5.9 GHz for ITS.
DSRC: (Dedicated Short Range Communications) is a two-way short- to- medium-range wireless communications capability that permits very high data transmission critical in communications-based active safety applications. [source: US Department of Transportation]
Oct 1999: FCC allocated 75 MHz 5.9 GHz for ITS.
WAVE/802.11p (WAVE: Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments)
Nov 2004: IEEE p Task Group was formed
Jul 2010: IEEE p was published
C-V2X
Jun 2017: 3GPP R14 (4G LTE)
Dec 2019: 3GPP R16 (5G NR: New Radio) 2

3. Qualcomm

10. Old Concepts + New Concept  New Momentum
Satellite industry Aerospace industry
Automotive industry ICT industry
$10K satellites
$1 drones
Non-Terrestrial Networks
Aerial vehicles requiring connectivity
Aerial vehicles providing connectivity
Aerial Vehicles

11. Aerial BSs: New Level in Radio Access Network Heterogeneity
Routing, subchannel scheduling, and power allocation are generally treated as separate problems.
They are mostly modeled using NLP to maximize either sum rate or minimum rate.
Although separation of problems simplifies modeling, it degrades network efficiency,
Low sum rate
Low minimum rate.

12. Aerial BSs (flying and/or floating) – Scenarios
On-demand capacity injection
Routing, subchannel scheduling, and power allocation are generally treated as separate problems.
They are mostly modeled using NLP to maximize either sum rate or minimum rate.
Although separation of problems simplifies modeling, it degrades network efficiency,
Low sum rate
Low minimum rate.

13. flying and/or floating BSs
Hybrid Terrestrial / Non-Terrestrial Networks
flying and/or floating BSs
Inter-LAP link
Inter-HAP link
LAP-HAP link
HAP-Satellite link
LAP layer
HAP layer
Satellite Layer
Vertical RAN
Terrestrial RAN
Femtocell
Delivery drone
Rural area
Pico cell
Connected,
Autonomous,
Networked
CAN-UAVs
Timeline
Technology
Policy

14. SpaceX
29 Mar 2018: FCC approves SpaceX plan to launch 4,425 broadband satellites (Starlink)
2019  2027
SpaceX documents filed to the FCC reveal that the plan involves placing 4,425 satellites about 700 miles up and another 7,518  around 210 miles up.

15. Unmanned Vehicles
MIT, Lincoln Lab