Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Presentation is loading. Please wait.

The industrial Revolution and the building of the British empire

Similar presentations


Presentation on theme: "The industrial Revolution and the building of the British empire"— Presentation transcript:

1 The industrial Revolution and the building of the British empire
WEEK 8

2 What was the Industrial Revolution?
A fundamental change in the way goods were produced: from human labor to machines More efficient means of production Higher levels of production Changes to industrialized societies What about the societies that did not industrialize?!?!

3 Why England? Favorable natural resources/raw materials (coal)
Capital for investing in the new means of production Stable government Colonies and markets for manufactured goods Workers Agricultural Revolution

4 The Farming revolution
when the British kings lost power to the expense of the aristocratic landholders. The Enclosure Movement Increased productivity Innovation in farming machinery Poor people in search of work

5 Key inventions in the Industrial Revolution
Production of iron, coal, cotton and wool. New spinning and weaving machines Steam engines New modes of transport: Ships: Wooden ships → Iron ships → Steel ships, Wind-powered sails → Steam-powered boilers Canals Trains Automobiles (late 1800s) Communication improved Telegraph Telephone Radio (1920s) Development of the banking system Key inventions in the Industrial Revolution

6 The Steam engine Built on earlier models of steam fired compression to propel pistons. This innovation was efficient and stunningly powerful.

7 The power loom to transform raw materials such as linen or cotton into threads)

8 The spinning Jenny To transform threads into cloth

9 Negative impacts Low wages Difficult and unsafe working conditions
Appalling living conditions: overcrowded houses, poor sanitary conditions, disease (cholera, typhus), low life expectancy (just 29 years, in Liverpool in 1865) and high infant mortality rate. Child labour exploitation

10 The benefits of the Industrial Revolution
Britain = the world’s leading economic and industrial power. Its population quadrupled (6.5 million in 1750 to million in 1850) Living standards improved Death rates decreased Regulation for the minimum employment age, wages and the length of the working week

11 Improvements in farming made food cheaper and more plentiful
Mass produced goods such as clothing and furniture became more affordable Improved public transport allowed workers to live away from factories in the newly developed suburbs Street lighting transformed city life, encouraging people to enjoy entertainment at theatres and in music halls at night. From an agricultural society to an urban society Emergence of a ‘middle class’ Shift in influence away from the traditional power-holders in England: from aristocratic rule to manufacturers

12 Results of the Industrial Revolution
Expansion of world trade Factory system Mass production of goods Industrial capitalism Increased standard of living Unemployment Economic Changes Decline of landed aristocracy Growth and expansion of democracy Increased government involvement in society Increased power of industrialized nations Nationalism and imperialism stimulated Rise to power of businesspeople Political Changes Development and growth of cities Improved status and earning power of women Increase in leisure time Population increases Problems – economic insecurity, increased deadliness of war, urban slums, etc. Science and research stimulated Social Changes

13

14 Growth of colonial empires
MERCANTILISM Colonies = suppliers of raw materials + markets for manufactured goods Navigation Acts

15 QUESTION : did trade stimulate the empire, or did the empire stimulate trade?
Commerce with the colonies  Ship industry Production of goods for colonial societies Larger population in the colonies Larger market for British exports

16 The Atlantic Slave Trade
Portugal : 4.6 million Britain : 2.6 Spain : 1.6 France : 1.2 The Netherlands : 0.5 The US : 0.3 Denmark : 0.05

17

18 Top destinations of African slaves

19

20

21 The Middle Passage

22 According to Equiano, "The closeness of the place, and the heat of the climate, added to the number in the ship, which was so crowded that each had scarcely room to turn himself, almost suffocated us. This produced copious perspirations, so that the air soon became unfit for respiration, from a variety of loathsome smells, and brought on a sickness among the slaves, of which many died."


Download ppt "The industrial Revolution and the building of the British empire"

Similar presentations


Ads by Google