1. Introduction to the Structural Units
Chapter 1
Introduction to the Structural Units

2. Learning Targets
1. I can identify the major parts of each body system.
2. I can describe the functions of each body system.
3. I can demonstrate anatomical positions.
4. I can demonstrate terminology of body directions.
5. I can list the body cavities and an organ located in each.
6. I can define organs and describe their relationship to a body system.
7. I can describe aging of the body.
8. I will have Knowledge of Metric System.

3. Anatomy and Physiology
Shape and structure of an organism’s body and the relationship of one body part to another
Physiology
Function of each body part and how the functions of various body parts coordinate to form a complete living organism

4. Branches of Anatomy Gross anatomy Microscopic anatomy
Studies Large/easily observed structures on an organism
Dissection & visible inspection with naked eye
Microscopic anatomy
See though microscope
Cytology- study of structure/function/dev of cells
Histology- study of tissue & organs

5. Branches of Anatomy Developmental anatomy Comparative anatomy
Studies growth & development of organism during lifetime
Embryology- studies formation of organism from egg to birth
Comparative anatomy
Human compared to animals
Systematic anatomy
Study of organs
Ex: dermatology, endocrinology, neurology

6. Create a foldable… Branches Of Anatomy 
-Anatomy -Physiology -Gross -Developmental -Cytology -Histology -Microscopic -Embryology -Comparative -Systematic

7. Anatomical Position

8. Terms for Location or Position and Direction
Anterior or ventral
Front or in front of
Posterior or dorsal
Back or in back of
Cephalic/Crainal and caudal
Toward the “head end” or “tail end”
Superior and inferior
Above or below another

9. Terms for Location or Position and Direction
Medial and lateral
Toward or away from the midline
Proximal and distal
Toward or away from the point of attachment or origin
Superficial/external and internal
On or near the surface or deep inside

10. If you are standing straight with your hands at your sides, where are your arms located in relation to your body?
Superior
Caudal
Lateral
Ventral

11. George has a cramp in the posterior part of his leg. Where is the cramp?
Ankle
Knee
Shin
Calf

12. An autopsy photo shows the dorsal/posterior side of the victim
An autopsy photo shows the dorsal/posterior side of the victim. What could you see in the photograph?
Back of the head
Kidneys
Knees
Front of the abdomen

13. Of the following, what structures are the MOST medial?
Ears
Hips
Eyes
Lips

14. Create a foldable… Anatomic Terminology 
Anterior or Ventral Posterior or Dorsal Cranial vs Caudal Superior vs Inferior Medial vs Lateral Proximal vs Distal Superficial/External vs Deep/Internal

15. Body Planes and Sections
Sagittal plane
Right and left parts
Midsagittal plane
Equal right and left parts
Coronal (frontal) plane
Vertical at right angles to the sagittal plane
Transverse or cross section
Horizontal; divides body into upper and lower parts

16. Terms for Location or Position and Direction
© 2014 Cengage Learning.

17. Terms for Location or Position and Direction
© 2014 Cengage Learning.

18. Body Planes and Sections
© 2014 Cengage Learning.

19. If the body were cut in a transverse plane, what organ would NOT be in the same half as the other three?
Brain
Bladder
Lungs
Heart

20. If you divided the body with a midsagittal plane and added up the number of eyes, arms and toes on one side, how many would you have? 5 7 9 12

21. Media Link TIME!!!!!! Body Planes

22. Body Cavities
© 2014 Cengage Learning.

23. Body Cavities Dorsal cavity Thoracic cavity Abdominopelvic cavity
Brain and spinal cord
Cranial cavity
Spinal cavity
Thoracic cavity
Chest area
Abdominopelvic cavity
Abdominal cavity
Pelvic cavity

24. Smaller Cavities Orbital cavity Nasal cavity Buccal cavity
Eyes, eyeball muscles, optic nerves, and lacrimal (tear) ducts
Nasal cavity
Parts that form the nose
Buccal cavity
Teeth and tongue

27. What cavity would a surgeon enter to repair a heart defect?
Dorsal
Thoracic
Abdominal
Pelvic

28. QUIZ time 

29. Review of Body Cavities

30. 9 Abdominopelvic Cavity Regions
Epigastric region (upper)
Just below sternum
Right and left hypochondriac
Just below ribs
Umbilical (middle)
Located around the navel

31. 9 Abdominopelvic Cavity Regions
Right and left lumbar
Extend from anterior to posterior
Hypogastric (lower)
Pubic area
Right and left iliac
Also called right and left inguinal areas

32. Abdominopelvic Cavity Regions
© 2014 Cengage Learning.

33. 4 Abdominal Quadrants

34. Did you know??????
If you are having RLQ pain or Right inguinal area pain, this area is PAINFUL when a person has appendicitis.

35. FOLDABLE TIME!!!!!

36. GROUP WORK Life-size Anatomical Position Poster
Draw an outline of somebody in your group's body…
1. In other words, pick somebody from your group & trace the outline of their body
2. Next, Draw & Label the terms we just discussed for location or positon & direction 
3. Everybody must participate to get a grade
Draw & label the following:
A. body planes & sections
B. body cavities
C. the nine regions of the abdominopelvic cavity
D. the four divisions of the abdominal quadrants
E. Directional terms

37. Life Functions
Living organisms may be one-celled organisms or multi-celled organisms. They include humans, plants, animals, etc.
All living organisms are capable of carrying on life functions.
These functions allow living organisms to live, grow, and maintain themselves.

38. Life Functions Movement Ingestion Digestion Muscle system
Digestive system
Digestion

39. Life Functions Transport Respiration Synthesis Circulatory system
Respiratory system
Synthesis
Digestive system

40. Life Functions Assimilation Growth Secretion Digestive system
Skeletal system
Secretion
Endocrine system

41. Life Functions Excretion Regulation (sensitivity) Reproduction
Urinary system
Regulation (sensitivity)
Nervous system
Reproduction
Reproductive system

42. Human Development
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ system

43. Body Processes Metabolism
Functional activities of the cell that result in growth, repair, energy release, use of food, and secretions
Anabolism
Building up
Catabolism
Breaking down

44. Homeostasis
Ability of the body to regulate its internal environment within narrow limits
Essential to survival
Works on a negative feedback system

45. Metric System Measurements for length, weight, and volume
A decimal system
Based on the power of ten
Uses prefixes such as centi-, milli-, and micro-
Lengths measured in meters
Weights measured in grams
Volumes measured in liters

46. Metric System
5mL=1 teaspoon
15mL=1 tablespoon
30mL=1 ounce