1. Introduction to United Nations Peacekeeping
Unit 1 – Part 1
Introduction to
United Nations Peacekeeping

2. Why is this important for me?

3. Why is this important for me?
As peacekeeping personnel you…
Represent the United Nations, and
You carry out decisions made at United Nations Headquarters in New York

4. Unit 1 - Part 1 Learning Outcomes
On completion of Unit 1 – Part 1, participants will be able to:
List the main bodies involved in UN peacekeeping
List the five types of peace and security activities used by the Security Council
Explain the main differences between traditional and multidimensional peacekeeping operations

5. When did the UN come into existence?
Who coined the name of UN?
“We the peoples of the United Nations…”
24 October 1945
26 June 1945
c. 2 September 1945
d. 18 April 1946

6. The United Nations (UN)
Forerunner – “League of Nations”
First use of “United Nations” at Declaration by United nations”
50 countries signed Charter on 26 June after WWII
Members ratify Charter and UN established on 24 October 1945

7. 193 states How many countries are members of the United Nations?
Republic of Montenegro
28 June 2006

8. United Nations Charter
The Charter is an international treaty that guides the work of the United Nations, including peace and security activities
An International Treaty to which our nations are signatories
Sets out the rights and obligations of Member States
Establishes the United Nations organs and procedures
Codifies the Major Principles of
International relations

9. United Nations Charter
Preamble
WE THE PEOPLES OF THE UNITED NATIONS DETERMINED
to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, which twice in our lifetime has brought untold sorrow to mankind, and
to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small, and
to establish conditions under which justice and respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can be maintained, and
to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom,

10. United Nations Charter
Preamble
AND FOR THESE ENDS
to practice tolerance and live together in peace with one another as good neighbors, and
to unite our strength to maintain international peace and security, and
to ensure, by the acceptance of principles and the institution of methods, that armed force shall not be used, save in the common interest, and
to employ international machinery for the promotion of the economic and social advancement of all peoples,

11. United Nations Charter
Preamble
HAVE RESOLVED TO COMBINE OUR EFFORTS TO ACCOMPLISH THESE AIMS:
Accordingly, our respective Governments, through representatives assembled in the city of San Francisco, who have exhibited their full powers found to be in good and due form, have agreed to the present Charter of the United Nations and do hereby establish an international organization to be known as the United Nations.

12. Main UN Bodies in Peacekeeping
Adapted from UN Peacekeeping Operations
Principles & Guidelines, pg. 67

13. UN-Specific Use of Terms
as defined in DPKO/DFS policies
Strategic Operational Tactical
High level political decision-making and management of a UN peacekeeping operation at UN HQ
Field-based management of a peacekeeping operation at Mission HQ
Management of military, police and civilian operations below the level of Mission HQ
Supervision of individual personnel
Exercised at various levels by subordinate commanders of specific components and civilian heads at levels below the Mission HQ

14. The Gallery
Group Activity

15. The Gallery

16. The Gallery

17. The Gallery

18. Spectrum of Peace Security Activities
Spectrum of Peace and Security Activities
UN Peacekeeping Operations
Principles & Guidelines, pg. 19

19. Conflict Prevention
The use of diplomatic measures or other tools to prevent inter/intra state tensions from turning into violent conflict

20. Peacemaking Measures to deal with existing conflicts
Usually involves diplomatic action to bring hostile parties to a
negotiated
agreement

21. Peace Enforcement
Coercive measures, including military force, used to restore international peace and security
Only with the authorization of the Security Council
May be authorized without consent of conflict parties if there is a threat to international peace or for humanitarian & protection
purposes
Important differences between
‘robust peacekeeping’ and
peace enforcement

22. Peacekeeping
Designed to preserve the peace, where fighting has ended, and to assist in implementing the peace agreement
It may involve:
mostly military
techniques of
observing cease-fires or
complex multi-
dimensional models
involving military,
civilian and police

23. Peace-building
Long-term process of creating conditions for lasting peace by:
working on root causes of the conflict
supporting security sector reform
assisting in
rebuilding of
justice systems
supporting national
human rights
institutions

24. Linkages and Overlaps in Peace and Security Activities
UN Peacekeeping Operations
Principles & Guidelines, pg. 19

25. Post-Conflict Tasks & Actors
11/11/2018
Post-Conflict Tasks & Actors
Post-Conflict Tasks
Stabilization
Transition
Long-term
Development
ECONOMIC GOV
INFRA INVESTMT
CIVIL ADMIN
ELECTIONS
POLITICAL
SECURITY
DDR
RULE OF LAW
CAPACITY BLDG
HUMANIT ASST
IFIs: World Bank/IMF
UN Country Team, Donors, NGOs
Peacekeeping Operation
LOCAL INSTITUTIONS
ICRC / Humanit. NGOs
Conflict
Time
Sustainable Peace

26. Different Types of UN Peacekeeping Operations
Traditional Peacekeeping
Multi-dimensional Peacekeeping
Transitional Authority

27. Traditional Peacekeeping
Observation, monitoring and reporting – using static posts, patrols, over-flights
or other technical means
Supervision of cease-fire
and support to verification
mechanisms
Interposition as a buffer
and confidence-building
measure

28. Multi-dimensional Peacekeeping
Deployed in dangerous aftermath of internal conflict
Create a secure and stable environment
Employ a mix of military, police and civilians to support implementation of
a peace agreement
Support establishment of
legitimate and effective
governance institutions
and Rule of Law

29. Transitional Authority
A UN multi-dimensional peacekeeping operation that temporarily assumes the legislative & administrative functions of the State:
until sovereignty questions are resolved, or,
to establish administrative structures that may not have existed previously.
A rarely used measure

30. Special Political Missions (SPMs)
Three types of SPMs:
Field Missions
Special Envoys
Expert Panels to monitor Security Council sanctions
SPMs vary in mandate, size and duration
Field missions have very few or no uniformed personnel

31. 11/11/2018

33. Unit 1 - Part 1 Questions Who are the members of the United Nations?
The Security Council
The 193 Member States
DPKO, DPA and DFS
What is the international treaty that spells out the rights and duties of the Member States of the United Nations?
What is the main body within the United Nations that is responsible for maintaining peace and security?
What are the five main peace and security activities which the Security Council might authorize in cases of conflict?
What are some of the tasks of a “traditional” peacekeeping operation?
What are some of the tasks that the military, police and civilian personnel of a “multi-dimensional” peacekeeping operation are responsible for?