1. Introductory Concepts for Physical Science or Chemistry
Matter and Change
Introductory Concepts for Physical Science or Chemistry

2. Anything that has mass and occupies space (volume)
Properties of Matter
Matter
Anything that has mass and occupies space (volume)

3. How does one describe the quantities of matter?
VOLUME
Volume
The amount of space an object occupies
Mass
A measure of the amount of matter in an object.

4. Mass is a reliable way to measure matter!
Mass is a measure of the amount of matter.
Mass is not affected by temperature or location or any other factor.
Weight is a measure of the Earth’s gravitational force on a body.
An astronaut will have a different weight on the moon, but his mass will remain the same.

5. Question?
Why is mass a more reliable measure of the quantity of a sample of matter than weight or volume?
Answer: The mass of the sample will be constant regardless of other factors such as temperature, pressure or location.

6. Volume: the amount of space an object takes up.
To measure volume for liquids, we use a graduated cylinder.

7. Measuring Volume
We will be using graduated cylinders to find the volume of liquids and other objects.
Read the measurement based on the bottom of the meniscus or curve. When using a real cylinder, make sure you are eye-level with the level of the water.
What is the volume of water in the cylinder? _____mL
What causes the meniscus?
A concave meniscus occurs when the molecules of the liquid attract those of the container. The glass attracts the water on the sides.
Top Image: Bottom Image:

8. Measuring Liquid Volume
What is the volume of water in each cylinder?
Images created at A B C
Pay attention to the scales for each cylinder.

9. Measuring Solid Volume
Formula is:
V= l x w x h
10 cm
9 cm
8 cm
We can measure the volume of regular object using the formula length x width x height.
_____ X _____ X _____ = _____

10. What Goes In The Box ? Calculate the volumes of the solids below: (1)
14cm
5 cm
7cm
(2)
3 cm
490cm3
27 cm3
(3)
10 m
3 m
4 m
120 m3

11. Measuring Solid Volume
To find the volume of an irregularly shaped solid object like a marble or a rock:
Water displacement- measure the volume of water that an object displaces.
→ The volume of water displaced by the object is equal to its volume.
We can measure the volume of irregular object using water displacement.
Amount of H2O with object = ______ About of H2O without object = ______ Difference = Volume = ______

12. 1) Measure the volume of liquid in a graduated cylinder.
– make sure you read the measurement at the bottom of the meniscus ml 6 5 4 3 2 1
3 ml

13. 2) Add the solid object.
The water in the graduated cylinder rises as it gets pushed out of the way (displaced) by the solid object. ml 6 5 4 3 2 1
3 ml

14. 3) Measure the new volume of liquid.ml 6 5 4 3 2 1
6 ml
3 ml

15. 4) Subtract the original volume of liquid from the new volume.
The volume of water displaced by the solid object is the volume of the object. ml 6 5 4 3 2 1
6 ml
6 ml – 3 ml = 3 ml
volume of the object
3 ml

16. Water Displacement Problem The graduated cylinder has 22 ml of water
When you add the rock, the water rises to 33 ml.
What is the volume of the rock?
33 ml – 22 ml = 11 ml
The volume of the rock is 11 ml