1. Introduction to Earth/Environmental Science1

2. Topic 1 – Science Lab Safety
Standard 1.1 – I can understand and explain laboratory safety rules.
Question: Why is it important to know lab safety symbols? 2

3. Science Lab Safety Act responsibly at all times in the laboratory.
Follow all instructions given – orally or written by my teacher. (MOST IMPORTANT)
Perform ONLY those activities assigned and approved by my teacher.
Protect my eyes, face, hands and body by wearing proper clothing and using protective equipment provided by my school.
Carry out good housekeeping practices as instructed by my teacher.
Know the location of safety and first aid equipment in the laboratory. 3

4. Science Lab Safety Notify my teacher immediately of an emergency.
NEVER work alone in the laboratory.
NEVER eat or drink in the laboratory unless instructed to do so by my teacher.
Handle living organisms or preserved specimens only when authorized by my teacher, and then always carefully and with respect.
NEVER enter or work in a supply area unless instructed to do so and supervised by my teacher. 4

5. Activity 1 – Science Lab Safety Symbols5

6. Topic 2 – Earth’s Systems
Standard 1.2 – I can identify the branches of Earth Science and explain the interconnectedness of Earth’s systems.
QUESTION: What are Earth’s major systems and how do they interact? 6

7. What is Earth Science? Earth Science
The name for the group of sciences that deals with Earth and its neighbors in space. 7

8. The Study of Earth Science
Earth scientist use several BIG IDEAS to guide them:
Structure of Earth’s systems
Earth’s history
Earth in the solar system
System – group of parts that work together as a whole
Matter and energy constantly move from one part of the Earth system to another 8

9. The Study of Earth Science
Energy – the ability to do work or cause change.
Forces have change Earth’s surface throughout history:
Constructive Forces
Destructive Forces
Shape Earth’s surface by building mountains and landmasses
Slowly wear away mountains and every other feature on Earth’s surface 9

10. Earth science has several branches including:
Geology – study of the forces that have shaped Earth
Oceanography study of everything from chemistry of ocean water to ocean floor and marine organisms
Meteorology – study of conditions in the atmosphere, weather, climate
Astronomy – focus on solar systems, stars and galaxies 10

11. What is Environmental Science?
The study of Earth’s environment and resources and how humans impact them

12. What Environmental Science deals with?
Renewable Resources
Plants, animals, water, wind
Nonrenewable Resources
Coal, oil, natural gas
Population Growth
Environmental Problems
Pollution, global warming
Natural Hazards
Flooding, droughts, earthquakes

13. Earth’s Major Spheres/Systems
Hydrosphere
All water on Earth
Oceans, rivers, streams, lakes & seas
97% of the water is salt water
3% of water is freshwater
Atmosphere
Gaseous layers above the surface of Earth
Weather and Climate on Earth
Makes life possible on Earth

14. Biosphere Beneath both the Hydrosphere and Atmosphere Three Parts Core
Geosphere/Lithosphere
Beneath both the Hydrosphere and Atmosphere
Three Parts
Core
Mantle
Crust
Biosphere
All organisms on Earth
Environments where organisms live

15. How is the Earth divided?
Equator, 0˚latitude, divides Earth into northern and southern hemispheres
Prime Meridian, 0˚longitude, passes through Greenwich, England divide the Earth into western and eastern hemispheres

16. Determining Locations
Global Grids
Latitude
distance north or south of the equator (east and west circles around the globe)
Longitude
distance east or west of the prime meridian (run north or south on a globe)

17. Topographic Maps Represents Earth’s 3-D surface in 2-D
Shows elevations of the land
Uses contour lines that indicates elevations
Contour intervals indicate the differences in elevation between adjacent contour lines
The scale is when a certain distance on the map is equal to a certain distance at the surface
Ex: 1:24,000 means 1 unit on a map equals 24,000 units on the ground

18. Using Latitude and Longitude

19. Topic 3: Methods of Science
Standard 1.3 – I can understand experimental design and methods in science.
Question: What do scientist use when they perform scientific investigations? 19

20. Experimental Design
Scientific Method – a organized plan for gathering, organizing and communication of information
Scientific Inquiry – a process that uses a set of skills to answer questions or to test ideas about the natural world.
GOAL
Solve a problem
Better understand something

21. Experimental Design Problem/Question What do you want to know?
Research
Hypothesis
Experiment
Test your hypothesis
Collect and Analyze Data
Conclusion
Accept, reject, or modify the hypothesis

22. Evolution of a Scientific Idea
Prediction – a statement of what will happen next in a sequence of events
Hypothesis – a possible explanation for an observation that can be tested by scientific investigation
Scientific Theory – explanation of things or events that is based on knowledge gained from many observations and investigations
Scientific Law – rule that describes a pattern in nature 22

23. Parts of an Experiment Variable Independent Variable
Factor that changes
Two types
Independent variable
Dependent variable
Independent Variable
Fact YOU change
AKA: Manipulated Variable
Dependent Variable
Factor that changes BECAUSE you changed something
AKA: Responding Variable

24. Constant Trial Factors that never are changed from test to test
Repeating the experiment
3 times for best result

25. Topic 4 – Measurements in Science
Standard 1.4 – I can explain how measurements are used in science and how to determine the density of an object.
Question: How do scientist determine the density of an object? 25

26. Measurement Types LENGTH Straight line distance between two points
How long something is
SI unit = meters (m)
Tools for finding
Meter stick or ruler

27. Temperature Amount of heat given off by an object Molecular Motion
How hot or cold something is
SI unit = Kelvin (K)
ºC, ºF
Tools for finding
Thermometer

28. MASS Balances or scales How much Matter is in an object
SI unit: kilogram (kg)
Tools for Finding
Balances or scales
Note:
Mass and Weight are two different things
Mass never changes from place to place

29. VOLUME Regular object Irregular object Liquid
Amount of Space an object takes up
Units: L, mL, cm3
Tools: graduated cylinder or ruler
Three Different Methods for finding Volume
Regular object
Irregular object
Liquid

30. Finding Volume Liquids (water) Regular Object (block)
Place the liquid in a graduated cylinder and read the level
Regular Object (block)
L * W * H
Irregular Object (rock)
Do Water Displacement
Subtract water level without object from water level with object

31. Density Mass per unit Volume Unit: g/mL or g/cm3 Formula
Density = mass ÷ volume
Density of water is 1 g/mL
Less means float
More means sink