1. Unit A 2.02 Principles of Infection
2.02 Understand infection control procedures

2. Types of Infections 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

3. 2.02 Understand infection control procedures
Types of Infections
Infection
invasion of the body by microorganisms or pathogens
invading microorganisms:
use the host’s resources to multiply
interfere with normal function
3rd leading cause of death in the U. S.
2.02 Understand infection control procedures

4. 2.02 Understand infection control procedures
Types of Infections
VERY IMPORTANT Any sign of infection must be reported to the nurse or doctor!
2.02 Understand infection control procedures

5. 2.02 Understand infection control procedures
Types of Infections
Local infection
only a specific portion of the body is infected
pain
redness
heat at the site
swelling
pus
foul smelling drainage
2.02 Understand infection control procedures

6. 2.02 Understand infection control procedures
Types of Infections
Systemic infection
affects the entire body
fever
aches
chills
nausea
vomiting
weakness
2.02 Understand infection control procedures

7. 2.02 Understand infection control procedures
Types of Infections
Endogenous (endo- inside; genous- type or kind)
type or kind of infection or disease that originates from within the body
Exogenous (exo- outside; genous- type or kind)
type or kind of infection or disease that originates outside the body
2.02 Understand infection control procedures

8. 2.02 Understand infection control procedures
Types of Infections
Nosocomial infections
Hospital acquired infection
Transmitted by the health care worker
Opportunistic infections
Infections that occur when the body’s defenses are weakened
2.02 Understand infection control procedures

9. 2.02 Understand infection control procedures
Types of Infections
VERY IMPORTANT Any sign of infection must be reported to the nurse or doctor!
2.02 Understand infection control procedures

10. Classes of Microorganisms
2.02 Understand infection control procedures

11. Classes of Microorganisms
Non-pathogenic
normal
do not produce disease
beneficial
Pathogenic
cause infection and disease
May be non-pathogenic in one body system, pathogenic in another (E. coli)
2.02 Understand infection control procedures

12. Classes of Microorganisms
Aerobic
requires oxygen to live
Anaerobic
does not require oxygen to live
2.02 Understand infection control procedures

13. Classes of Microorganisms
Bacteria
Protozoa
Fungi
Rickettsiae
Viruses
Helminths
2.02 Understand infection control procedures

14. Classes of Microorganisms
Bacteria
Often considered the causes of disease
Certain bacteria
produce antibiotics
live in the body without problems
live on the roots of certain plants, converting nitrogen into a usable form
help break down dead organic matter
Classified by shape and arrangement
Treated with antibiotics
2.02 Understand infection control procedures

15. Classes of Microorganisms
Bacteria
Cocci-
round in shape
Streptococcal pharyngitis
Staphylococcal meningitis
2.02 Understand infection control procedures

16. Classes of Microorganisms
Bacteria
Bacilli
rod shape
Escherichia coli (E. coli)
2.02 Understand infection control procedures

17. Classes of Microorganisms
Bacteria
Spirilla
spiral or corkscrew shape
Cholera
Spirochete
Lyme disease
2.02 Understand infection control procedures

18. Classes of Microorganisms
Bacteria
Some bacteria develop resistance to antibiotics
Very difficult to cure
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (MRSA)
Multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus (MDSA)
2.02 Understand infection control procedures

19. Classes of Microorganisms
Protozoa
One celled, animal-like organism
Contain a nucleus and other defined organelles
Malaria
African sleeping sickness
Protozoa
2.02 Understand infection control procedures

20. Classes of Microorganisms
Fungi
organisms that usually enjoy a symbiotic, but sometimes parasitic relationship with their host
provide numerous drugs and foods
provide bubbles in bread, champagne, and beer
cause a number of plant and animal diseases
fungal diseases are very difficult to treat
2.02 Understand infection control procedures

21. Classes of Microorganisms
Fungi- Red, itchy rash
Thrush
Athlete’s foot
Yeast infections
Jock itch
Ringworm
2.02 Understand infection control procedures

22. Classes of Microorganisms
Rickettsiae
rod-shaped, parasitic bacteria
live in the tissues of ticks, fleas, and lice
transmitted to humans through bites
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Typhus
2.02 Understand infection control procedures

23. Classes of Microorganisms
Hepatitis virus
Viruses
small, infectious agent
requires a host for survival
over 5,000 types
can combine in multiple ways to produce a wide range of diseases
produce immune response in humans
treated with antiviral drugs
Influenza
2.02 Understand infection control procedures

24. Classes of Microorganisms
Helminths
Parasitic worm-like organisms
Live inside the host
Feed off their host
Disrupt nutrient absorption
Lead to weakness
Excrete toxins making host susceptible to other diseases
Approximately 30 billion people globally are infected
Pinworm
Tapeworm
2.02 Understand infection control procedures

25. Classes of Microorganisms
Bacteria
Protozoa
Fungi
Rickettsiae
Viruses
Helminths
2.02 Understand infection control procedures

26. 2.02 Transmitting Infection

27. Transmitting Infection
Direct contact
Indirect contact
Airborne
Vector-borne
2.02 Understand infection control procedures

28. Transmitting Infection
Direct contact
Person to person
(Physical or sexual)
Animal to person
Mother to unborn child
2.02 Understand infection control procedures

29. Transmitting Infection
Indirect contact
Pathogens are passed along on inanimate objects in the environment
Fomites
2.02 Understand infection control procedures

30. Transmitting Infection
Airborne
Pathogens are carried through the air
Cling to surroundings and are spread
2.02 Understand infection control procedures

31. Transmitting Infection
Vector-borne
Insects carry pathogen from host to host
Rodents, small animals
Flea
Mosquito
Tick
2.02 Understand infection control procedures

32. Transmitting Infection
How you get an infection…
Causative agent
Reservoir
Portal of exit
Mode of transmission
Portal of entry
Susceptible host…breaking the chain!
2.02 Understand infection control procedures

33. 2.02 Understand infection control procedures
Chain of Infection
Causative agent
Source or
reservoir
Susceptible host
Portal of entry
Portal of exit
Mode of transmission
2.02 Understand infection control procedures

34. 2.02 Understand infection control procedures
Chain of Infection
Causative agent
pathogen
2.02 Understand infection control procedures

35. 2.02 Understand infection control procedures
Chain of Infection
Reservoir
area where the pathogen can live
2.02 Understand infection control procedures

36. 2.02 Understand infection control procedures
Chain of Infection
Portal of exit
way for the pathogen to escape from the reservoir
2.02 Understand infection control procedures

37. 2.02 Understand infection control procedures
Chain of Infection
Mode of transmission
way for pathogen to be transmitted
2.02 Understand infection control procedures

38. 2.02 Understand infection control procedures
Chain of Infection
Portal of entry
way to enter new reservoir
2.02 Understand infection control procedures

39. 2.02 Understand infection control procedures
Chain of Infection
Susceptible host
able to be affected
person likely to get sick
2.02 Understand infection control procedures

40. 2.02 Understand infection control procedures
Chain of Infection
Causative agent
Source or
reservoir
Susceptible host
Portal of entry
Portal of exit
Mode of transmission
2.02 Understand infection control procedures

41. Break the Chain of Infection
2.02 Understand infection control procedures