1. USING THE FRAMEWORK ANALYSIS
FOCUS: POVERTY

2. CONCERN Why do we care? So what?
46 PERCENT OF WORLD POPULATION CANNOT MEET BASIC NEEDS
FOOD
WATER
SHELTER
HEALTH
EDUCATION
SAFETY AND SECURITY
POVERTY IS FOUND IN REGIONS WITH HIGH INCIDENCE OF CHILDHOOD DEATH
WIDENING GAP BETWEEN RICH AND POOR (UNEQUAL WEATH DISTRIBUTION)

3. CAUSES
THESE ARE THE GEOGRAPHICAL/ HISTORICAL EVENTS THAT HAVE LEAD TO THE CURRENT CONCERNS THAT WE SEE TODAY.
Can involve hundreds of years of history
– ie. Colonialism
Can involve a short time frame.
– ie. Rise of Al Qeda and 911 / Terrorism

4. CAUSES Geographical and Historical Roots?
THE GEOGRAPHY OF POVERTY
The location of the country or region has direct bearing on wealth and development…
WHERE? AND WHAT IS THERE??
Coastal vs. Inland
Temperate vs. Tropical
Good soils vs. Desert
Resources vs. None

5. Case Study THE GEOGRAPHY OF WEALTH: EUROPE
Location: on the North European Plain with fertile farmland along the coastline
Proximity to water (rivers and ocean): transportation, trade, fishing power, exploration, and colonization potential (Canada is an example!)
Climate: temperate (not too cold or hot) moderating effect of the water; Atlantic storms encouraged people to be adaptable. Relatively few diseases.
Mountains: settlement in the lower elevation along coastlines and rivers
Peninsulas: it is a point of land surrounded by water – this lead to a longer coastline and forced water travel as ‘short cuts’ between coastal communities

7. CONSEQUENCES OF GEOGRAPHY

8. Case Study THE GEOGRAPHY OF POVERTY: CHAD
Location: Northern African interior – Sahara Desert
Proximity to water (rivers and ocean)- Inland and Landlocked. Lake Chad is drying up and disappearing.
Climate: tropics… hot with little rainfall
Desert: dry with poor soils for agriculture
Peninsulas – Africa has few if any natural harbours. Europe at 1 /5 the size of Africa has twice the coastline of sub Saharan Africa

11. CAUSES Geographical and Historical Roots?
2. THE POLITICS AND ECONOMICS OF POVERTY
How historical events by countries and companies shaped wealth
Poorer countries exploited by colonial systems
Developing countries indebted to developed countries and financial institutions (World Bank, IMF)
Globalization of the world economy is dominated by wealthy countries
High population growth in countries who can least afford it

12. POLITICAL IMPLICATIONS
Poor people often disenfranchised; lack the political power and ability to change their condition
Many poor countries have an illiterate populace and are easily exploited for the gain of corrupt governments and dictators.

13. IMPLICATIONS
THESE ARE THE POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES OF THE CURRENT SITUATION BROKEN DOWN BY TOPIC AREA.
THEY MAY INCLUDE FUTURE IMPLICATIONS NOT YET REALIZED, OR ARE AS OF YET UNKNOWN.

14. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS
Lack of sanitation causing higher incidence of disease
Poor people living in squalor along city margins in slums without any infrastructure
Poor people have less access to safe drinking water.
Desperate people (and lack of gov’t regulation) use poor agricultural, logging, hunting, and mining practices that degrade the environment

15. SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS
Poor people have access only to marginal land or pay excessive rent
Poor people migrating to cities and living in squalor leads to desperate decisions – slavery, prostitution, begging
Children have less access to education and literacy – especially girls (gender inequality)
Poor people have larger families as children are viewed as an asset

16. ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS
Developing countries owing US $2 trillion to richer countries and financial institutions
Meanwhile most citizens earn so little and therefore governments collect so little in tax revenue, that repayment of loans is impossible
(Chronic Debt)

17. POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS
Create better educational opportunities for poor people
Prioritize empowerment of women
Aim for lower birth rates through investment in education and health care
Reduce under 5 mortality rates
Aid in the form of micro credits to women vs. bailouts to governments