1. WHAP: The Big Picture

4. Ancient (8000 – 600 BCE)
Interactions among groups limited to those geographically nearby, but over time interactions increased steadily in frequency and distance.
Importance of physical geography and the natural environment interacting with human activities to shape change and continuity.
Development of agriculture and early agricultural communities.
The appearance of the earliest urban-based societies.
Rise of civilization

5. Europe: ---
East Asia: Shang, Zhou
Middle East: Mesopotamia, Egypt
South Asia: Indus Valley (Harappa & Mohenjo-Daro)
Africa: Egypt, Nubia
Americas: ---

6. Classical (600 BCE – 600 CE) Larger and more powerful – empires
More complex cultures – world religions, advanced art and literature
Written records (more and better) – introduction of phonetic alphabets
More complex long-distance trade (Silk Road, Indian Ocean)
More contact between nomads and sedentary people

7. Europe: Greece, Rome Middle East: Persia Africa: Axum East Asia: Qin, Han South Asia: Maurya, Gupta Americas: Olmec, Chavin

8. Postclassical (600 – 1450 CE) Belief systems as unifying forces.
Existing religions: Christianity, Hinduism, Confucianism and Buddhism
New religion: Islam
“Civilization” spreads to many parts of the globe.
Major empires in South America and Mesoamerica
Increased interdependence of numerous societies (trade and communication networks are solidified)
Nomadic groups have a huge impact (Bedouins in Middle East/North Africa and Mongols in Asia)

9. Europe: Feudalism, HRE
East Asia: Tang, Song, feudal Japan, Mongols
Middle East: Byzantine, Mongols
South Asia: Delhi Sultanate
Africa: Ghana, Swahili Coast, Zimbabwe
Americas: Aztec, Maya, Inca

10. Early Modern (1450 – 1750 CE)
Eastern and Western hemispheres joined > world trade networks connected
Balance of power shifts to western Europe (sea-based power over land-based power)
Land-based empires are still important as they expand over nomadic groups using gunpowder (“Gunpowder Empires”)
Transformation of labor systems (slavery expands as natives died from disease)
Drastic environmental change (imported domestic animals, new crop exchanges, land cleared, disease spreads)

12. Europe: Kingdoms (England, Spain, HRE), Tsarist Russia
East Asia: Ming, Qing
South Asia: Mughal
Middle East: Ottoman, Safavid
Americas: Colonial Rule
Africa: Mali

13. Modern (1750 – 1900 CE) World dominated by “the West”
Industrialization…
revolutionizes communication and commerce
enhances power of “the West”
increases gap between rich and poor
Revolutions and independence movements transform the political landscape; Enlightenment philosophies take hold; this leads to a developing sense of nationalism
Migrations to the Western Hemisphere > end of slavery
Inequality becomes a focus – reform movements begin

15. Late Modern (1900 – Present)
Hegemony: first western Europe ( ); then U.S. and USSR ( ); finally U.S. (1991-present?)
Conflict and diplomacy/change in the nature of warfare > importance of international organizations to address changing balance of power
Nationalism continues as large empires break into smaller ethnic based countries (decolonization in Africa/Asia, breakup of USSR)
Social reform continues (women, peasants, Marxism, religious fundamentalism)
Revolutions and experimentation with different versions of communism and socialism (Russia, China, Latin America)
Demographic changes (especially in “Third World”)
Globalization

16. 1914

17. Theme: Trade and Interactions
8000 – 600 CE (Ancient + Classical)
Rise of Europe
Beginnings of trade (region to region)
Renaissance
Iron Age
Protestant Reformation
River Valley trade
Scientific Revolution
Early Silk Road (Rome > Han)
1750 – 1900 CE (Modern)
600 – 1450 CE (Postclassical)
Decline of aristocracy/rise of commerce
Known world connected
Revolutions
Silk Road
Daimyo
Crusades
European dominance
Mongols
Industrial Revolution
Indian Ocean/Trans-Saharan Trade
Imperialism
Rise of Islam
End of trans-Atlantic slave trade
Hanseatic League (Europe)
Unequal treaties in Asia
1450 – 1750 CE (Early Modern)
Japan industrializes
1900 – Present (Late Modern)
World connected (Eastern + Western hemispheres)
Columbian Exchange
Isolationism
Atlantic slave trade
Great Depression
Gunpowder Empires (land trade)
Globalization
Silver floods Eastern markets
Global trade org. (World Bank, WTO)

18. Theme: Political Developments
Foundations (8000 – 600 BCE)
Governments emerge as people settle; need to control agriculture/irrigation
Gunpowder Empires (Ottoman, Safavid, Mughal, Ming China)
Political power: Persia, Rome
Monarchy (absolutism – Spain, France, HRE, Russia; constitutionalism – England, Netherlands)
Government Types
Modern (1750 – 1900 CE)
Mostly monarchy or oligarchy
Greek democracy
Political revolutions (American, French, Haitian, Latin American)
Roman republic
Military empires (Assyria, Persia, Rome, China)
Collapse of old empires (Ottoman, Safavid, Qing)
Postclassical (600 – 1450 CE)
Creation of new countries (Germany, Italy)
Colonial domination
Formal restrictions placed on monarchies; large- scale legal systems emerge
Political power; British Empire
Late Modern (1900 – Present)
Political power: China, Mongols
Government Types:
World War breaks up political power of Europe
Feudalism in Europe, Japan
Polarized world during Cold War (U.S. vs. USSR)
Mongols unite Eurasia under empire
Political power: United States, USSR
Large kingdoms (Mali, Ghana, Zimbabwe, Delhi Sultanate, Aztecs, Incas)
Growth of new democracies (Latin America, Africa)
Early Modern (1450 – 1750 CE)
Totalitarian dictatorships (Italy, Germany, Japan, Russia)
Centralized governments with bureaucracies; national states with fixed borders and national unity
Political power: British Empire, Ottoman