1. Objective 4.01: Similarities & differences among the kingdoms

2. VOCAB ALERT
Eukaryotic – cell with a defined nucleus and membrane bound organelles.
Prokaryotic – cell without a defined nucleus and lacks membrane bound organelles.
3. Unicellular – organisms made of 1 cell only
Multicellular – organisms made up of many cells.
5. Autotroph – carries out photosynthesis; makes its own food.

3. 6. Heterotroph – does NOT carry out photosynthesis; must eat food.
Cell Wall – Rigid structure located outside the cell membrane that provides protection and support
Asexual Reproduction - parent cell divides into two identical cells; does not involve gametes; only one parent!!

4. 9. Sexual Reproduction – involves 2 parents and produces an offspring that is not identical to either parent; involves gametes.
10. Cilia – hair-like extensions that help movement
11. Flagella – Tail-like extension that aids in movement.

5. Characteristics of Prokaryotic Organisms
Unicellular
No defined nucleus. They do have a “nucleoid region” where the DNA is located.
DNA is organized as a single, circular chromosome.
No membrane bound organelles.
Do have ribosomes
Tend to be smaller than eukaryotic organisms.

6. Characteristics of Eukaryotic Organisms
Multicellular
Defined nucleus
DNA is organized into multiple, linear chromosomes.
Contain membrane bound organelles
Do have ribosomes
Tend to be larger than prokaryotic cells.

7. 1. Archaebacteria “Ancient” bacteria Prokaryotic Cell (Very Simple!)
Unicellular
Both autotrophs & heterotrophs
Has a Cell wall that lacks peptidoglycan
Reproduce asexually
Some are motile (can move)
Live in extreme environments (Hot, Salty, Acidic)
Volcanic hot springs, Salt marshes

8. 2. Eubacteria Kingdom “Recent” bacteria Prokaryotic Cell Unicellular
Both autotrophic & heterotrophic
Reproduce asexually
Some are motile
Cell wall has peptidoglycan (thick!)
Found nearly everywhere

10. 3. Protista Kingdom
Organisms that cannot be classified as an Animal, Plant, or Fungi.
Least satisfying of the classifications because members display the greatest variety.
3 Classifications
Animal-like Protists: Amoeba, Paramecium
Plant-like Protists: Unicellular & Multicellular; Algae
Fungi-like Protists: Slime molds & Water molds

11. 3. Protista Kingdom Eukaryotic
Most are unicellular, some are multicellular
Autotrophs & heterotrophs
Reproduce sexually & asexually
Some are motile
Some have a cell wall (plant-like)

12. Adaptations in Protists
Euglena have two structural adaptations:
Flagella – Used for movement
Eyespot – Used to detect light.
Paramecium also have two structural adaptations.
Cillia – Used for movement
Contractile vacuole – To remove excess water
Amoeba have one structural adaptation:
Psuedopod – “false foot” used for movement

13. Videos for Protist Adaptations
Euglena Flagella
Euglena Movement
Euglena Eyespot
Paramecium Movement
Paramecium Contracile Vacuole
Amoeba movement
Amoeba LUNCH!!!

15. Protist Rap
Wack Rap about Protists

16. 4. Fungi Kingdom Eukaryotic
Most are multicellular (mushrooms), although some are unicellular (yeast)
Heterotrophic: Absorb their food from environment.
Feed on dead/decaying organic matter
Secrete digestive enzymes into their food source. Absorb the food molecules through their body.
Have a cell wall (chitin)
Reproduce sexually & asexually
Non-motile

19. 5. Plant Kingdom Eukaryotic Multicellular Photosynthetic Autotrophs
Have a cell wall (cellulose)
Reproduce sexually & asexually
Non-motile
Includes: Cone-bearing and flowering plants, mosses, & ferns.
Plants and Structural Adaptations

20. Nonvascular Plants These plants do NOT have vascular tissue.
These plants live low to the ground.
They get their water directly from the surroundings by osmosis.
Must live in damp/wet environments.
Includes mosses, hornworts and liverworts

21. Vascular Plants Have vascular tissue
Vascular Tissue is made up of xylem and phloem.
Xylem transports water from the roots to other parts of the plant
Phloem transports sugar from the leaves to other parts of the plant.

22. Gymnosperms Literally means “naked seed”
A type of vascular plant whose seeds are in a cone.
Cone = reproductive structure
Have needle like leaves.
Gymnosperms

23. Angiosperms Literally means “vesseled seed”.
A type of vascular plant that uses flowers for reproduction.
Reproduction in Angiosperms

24. Parts of a Flower

26. 6. Animal Kingdom Eukaryotic Multicellular Heterotrophs
Reproduce sexually
No cell walls
Motile, except sponges.
Very diverse