1. Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing
Other geometric tolerances:
profile
runout & total runout
flatness
angularity
perpendicularity
parallelism

2. Geometric Characteristics
Form, Orientation, Profile, and Runout Tolerances

3. Flatness
Flatness is the condition of a surface where all elements are in one plane.

4. Flatness
The surface could be checked by translating the part under a dial indicator.

5. Geometric Characteristics
Form, Orientation, Profile, and Runout Tolerances

6. Perpendicularity
Perpendicularity is the condition of an entire surface, plane, or axis at a right angle to a datum plane or axis.

7. Perpendicularity
Perpendicularity is the condition of an entire surface, plane, or axis at a right angle to a datum plane or axis.

8. Geometric Characteristics
Form, Orientation, Profile, and Runout Tolerances

9. Angularity
Angularity is the condition of an axis or plane other than 90 degrees to another datum plane or axis.

10. Geometric Characteristics
Form, Orientation, Profile, and Runout Tolerances

11. Parallelism
Parallelism is the condition of a surface, center plane, or axis that is an equal distance at all points from a datum plane or axis.
bilateral tolerance zone

12. Parallelism
Example of a cylinder being parallel to another surface.

13. Parallelism
Example of a cylinder being parallel to another cylinder.

14. Geometric Characteristics
Form, Orientation, Profile, and Runout Tolerances

15. Profile of a surface
Profile tolerance is specified for designs where the surface is to be controlled within a given basic shape.
Specified for irregular features that are difficult to control with other form or orientation tolerances.

16. Profile of a surface

17. Geometric Characteristics
Form, Orientation, Profile, and Runout Tolerances

18. Circular Runout and Total Runout
The worst circular runout occurs at the slice with the greatest variation (0.03 mm in this case).
Total runout is the difference between the highest and lowest readings found over the entire feature. (0.11 mm in this case).

20. Circularity vs. Runout
Can anyone explain the difference between the two and can they be used on a print interchangeabilty?
tp://communities.ptc.com/message/173195

21. Geometric Characteristics
Form, Orientation, Profile, and Runout Tolerances

22. GDT Example Problem
1.0
45º
Part completely toleranced with geometric tolerancing
3.6

24. HOLE BAR 3.6 Datum Plane A Ø.010 Position tolerance zone at MMC5 . 7 5 . 5 2 . 5 B . 7 5 8 . 7 5 A . 1 M A B C
Datum Plane A
Ø.010 Position tolerance zone at MMC
Datum Plane C
Now that the position tolerance specification is clear let us go on to some of the other characteristics that can be placed on the angle block. The object here is to completely tolerance the angle block to ensure its functional design requirements. 1 . 5 .
Datum plane B 2 . 5
3.6

25. HOLE BAR 3.6 Datum Plane A Ø.010 Position tolerance zone at MMC.5 . 7 5 . 5 2 . 5 B . 7 5 8 . 5 . 7 5 A . 1 M A B C
Datum Plane A
Ø.010 Position tolerance zone at MMC.
Datum Plane C 1 . 5
Datum plane B 2 . 5
3.6

26. HOLE BAR 3.6 Datum Plane A Ø.010 Position tolerance zone at MMC.5 . 7 5 . 5 2 . 5 B . 7 5 8 . 5 . 7 5 A . 1 M A B C
Datum Plane A
Ø.010 Position tolerance zone at MMC.
Datum Plane C
If the part were placed in the assembly it would mount on the right hand face. This face is identified as datum feature A and has a flatness tolerance applied. Generally the flatness tolerance will tell how unstable or how much the part will rock while mounted on this surface. If might also be a seal surface.
The tolerance zone is shown in red in the bottom view. 1 . 5 .
.005 Flat
zone
Datum plane B 2 . 5
3.6

27. HOLE BAR 3.6 Datum Plane A Ø.010 Position tolerance zone at MMC.5 . 5 A . 7 5 . 5 2 . 5 B . 7 5 8 . 5 . 7 5 A . 1 M A B C
Datum Plane A
Ø.010 Position tolerance zone at MMC.
Datum Plane C 1 . 5 .
.005 Flat
zone
Datum plane B 2 . 5
3.6

28. HOLE BAR 3.6 Datum Plane A Ø.010 Position tolerance zone at MMC.5 . 5 A . 7 5 . 5 2 . 5 B . 7 5 8 . 5 . 7 5 A . 1 M A B C
Datum Plane A
Ø.010 Position tolerance zone at MMC.
Datum Plane C
If the part were placed in the assembly it would mount on the the right hand face and next mount to the bottom surface. This face is identified as datum feature B and has a perpendicularity tolerance applied. Generally the perp tolerance will tell how unstable or how much the part will rock while mounted on this surface.
The tolerance zone shown in the bottom view illustrates the variation allowed. 1 . 5
.005 Perp zone .
.005 Flat
zone
Datum plane B 2 . 5
3.6

29. HOLE BAR 3.6 Datum Plane A Ø.010 Position tolerance zone at MMC.5 A B 1 . 5 . 5 A . 7 5 . 5 2 . 5 B . 7 5 8 . 5 . 7 5 A . 1 M A B C
Datum Plane A
Ø.010 Position tolerance zone at MMC.
Datum Plane C 1 . 5
.005 Perp zone
.005 Flat .
zone
Datum plane B 2 . 5
3.6

30. HOLE BAR 3.6 Datum Plane A Ø.010 Position tolerance zone at MMC.5 A B 1 . 5 . 5 A . 7 5 . 5 2 . 5 B . 7 5 8 . 5 . 7 5 A . 1 M A B C
Datum Plane A
Ø.010 Position tolerance zone at MMC.
Datum Plane C
.005 Perp zone
If the part were placed in the assembly it would mount on the the right hand face and next mount to the bottom surface and the to the left face. This face is identified as datum feature C and has a perpendicularity tolerance applied relative to datum features A and B.. Generally the perp tolerance will tell how unstable or how much the part will rock while mounted on this surface.
The tolerance zone shown in the bottom view illustrates the variation allowed. 1 . 5
.005 Perp zone .
.005 Flat
zone
Datum plane B 2 . 5
3.6

31. HOLE BAR 3.6 Datum Plane A Ø.010 Position tolerance zone at MMC.5 A B 1 . 5 . 5 A . 7 5 . 5 2 . 5 B . 5 + . 5 . 7 5 8 2 X . 3 4 4 - . 2 . 7 5 A . 1 M A B C
Datum Plane A
Ø.010 Position tolerance zone at MMC.
Datum Plane C
.005 Perp zone
Now that the DRF is established and qualified, the remaining features are located. Features of size have position applied, and features without size have profile applied.
Click thru the slides to explain the examples to the students. 1 . 5
.005 Perp zone .
.005 Flat
zone
Datum plane B 2 . 5
3.6

32. HOLE BAR 3.6 Datum Plane A Ø.010 Position tolerance zone at MMC.5 A B 1 . 5 . 5 . 5 A . 6 . 7 5 . 5 2 . 5 B + . 5 . 7 5 8 . 5 2 X . 3 4 4 - . 2 . 7 5 A . 1 M A B C
Datum Plane A
Ø.010 Position tolerance zone at MMC.
Datum Plane C
.005 Perp zone 1 . 5
.005 Perp zone . 5 . 6
.005 Flat
zone
Datum plane B 2 . 5
3.6

33. HOLE BAR 3.6 Datum Plane A Ø.010 Position tolerance zone at MMC.5 A B 1 . 5 . 5 . 5 A . 6 . 7 5 . 5 2 . 5 B . 7 5 8 . 5 + . 5 2 X . 3 4 4 - . 2 . 7 5 A . 1 2 M A B C . 1 M A B C
Datum Plane A
Ø.010 Position tolerance zone at MMC.
Datum Plane C
.005 Perp zone 1 . 5
.005 Perp zone . 5 . 6
.005 Flat
2X Ø.012 Position tolerance zones at MMC.
zone
Datum plane B 2 . 5
3.6

34. HOLE BAR 3.6 Datum Plane A Ø.010 Position tolerance zone at MMC.5 A B 1 . 5 1 . 2 . 5 . 5 A . 6 . 7 5 . 5 2 . 5 B . 5 + . 5 . 7 5 8 2 X . 3 4 4 - . 2 . 7 5 A . 1 2 M A B C . 1 M A B C
Datum Plane A
Ø.010 Position tolerance zone at MMC.
Datum Plane C
.005 Perp zone 1 . 2 1 . 5
.005 Perp zone . 5 . 6
.005 Flat .
2X Ø.012 Position tolerance zones at MMC.
zone
Datum plane B 2 . 5
3.6

35. HOLE BAR 3.6 Datum Plane A Ø.010 Position tolerance zone at MMC.5 A B 4 5 1 . 5 1 . 2 . 5 . 5 A . 6 . 7 5 . 5 2 . 5 B . 5 + . 5 . 7 5 8 2 X . 3 4 4 - . 2 . 7 5 A . 1 2 M A B C . 1 M A B C
Datum Plane A
Ø.010 Position tolerance zone at MMC.
Datum Plane C
.005 Perp zone 1 . 2 1 . 5
.005 Perp zone . 5 . 6
.005 Flat .
2X Ø.012 Position tolerance zones at MMC.
zone
Datum plane B 2 . 5
3.6

36. HOLE BAR 3.6 Datum Plane A Ø.010 Position tolerance zone at MMC.7 5 . 5 A B 4 5 1 . 5 1 . 2 . 5 . 5 A . 6 . 7 5 . 5 2 . 5 B . 5 + . 5 . 7 5 8 2 X . 3 4 4 - . 2 . 7 5 A . 1 2 M A B C . 1 M A B C
Datum Plane A
Ø.010 Position tolerance zone at MMC.
Datum Plane C
.005 Perp zone
Profile tolerance is applied to all the surfaces. 1 . 2 1 . 5
.005 Perp zone . 5 . 6
.005 Flat .
2X Ø.012 Position tolerance zones at MMC.
zone
Datum plane B 2 . 5
3.6

37. HOLE BAR 3.6 Datum Plane A Ø.010 Position tolerance zone at MMC.2 A B C C R . 7 5 . 5 A B 4 5 1 . 5 1 . 2 . 5 . 5 A . 6 . 7 5 . 5 2 . 5 B + . 5 . 7 5 8 . 5 2 X . 3 4 4 - . 2 . 7 5 A . 1 2 M A B C . 1 M A B C
Datum Plane A
Ø.010 Position tolerance zone at MMC.
Datum Plane C
.005 Perp zone 1 . 2 1 . 5
.005 Perp zone . 5 . 6
.005 Flat .
2X Ø.012 Position tolerance zones at MMC.
zone
Datum plane B 2 . 5
3.6

38. HOLE BAR 3.6 Datum Plane A Ø.010 Position tolerance zone at MMC.2 A B C C X Y R . 7 5 . 5 A B 4 5 X 1 . 5 1 . 2 . 5 . 5 A . 6 . 7 5 . 5 2 . 5 Y B + . 5 . 7 5 8 . 5 2 X . 3 4 4 - . 2 . 7 5 A . 1 2 M A B C . 1 M A B C
Datum Plane A
Ø.010 Position tolerance zone at MMC.
Datum Plane C
.005 Perp zone 1 . 2 1 . 5
.005 Perp zone . 5 . 6
.005 Flat .
2X Ø.012 Position tolerance zones at MMC.
zone
Datum plane B 2 . 5
3.6

39. HOLE BAR 3.6 .020 Profile zone between points X and Y. Datum Plane A2 A B C C X Y R . 7 5 . 5 A B 4 5 X 1 . 5 1 . 2 . 5 . 5 A . 6 . 7 5 . 5 2 . 5 Y B . 7 5 8 . 5 + . 5 2 X . 3 4 4 - . 2 . 7 5 A . 1 2 M A B C . 1 M A B C
.020 Profile zone between points X and Y.
Datum Plane A
Ø.010 Position tolerance zone at MMC.
Datum Plane C
.005 Perp zone
The profile tolerance zone appears and illustrates the tolerance zone. 1 . 2 1 . 5
.005 Perp zone . 5 . 6
.005 Flat .
2X Ø.012 Position tolerance zones at MMC.
zone
Datum plane B 2 . 5
3.6

40. HOLE BAR 3.6 .020 Profile zone between points X and Y. 2 . 5 . 2 A B C2 A B C C X Y R . 7 5 . 5 A B 4 5 X 1 . 5 1 . 2 . 5 . 5 A . 6 . 7 5 . 5 2 . 5 Y B + . 5 . 7 5 8 . 5 2 X . 3 4 4 - . 2 . 7 5 A . 1 2 M A B C . 1 M A B C
.020 Profile zone between points X and Y. 1 . 2
3.6

41. Geometric Characteristics
Form, Orientation, Profile, and Runout Tolerances