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M.1. Cell Chemistry M.1. Cell Chemistry M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds

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Presentation on theme: "M.1. Cell Chemistry M.1. Cell Chemistry M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds"— Presentation transcript:

1 M.1. Cell Chemistry M.1. Cell Chemistry M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds
M.1.2. Building Blocks of Cells M Sugars M Fatty Acids M Amino Acids M Nucleotides M The Big Picture M.2. Biosynthesis

2 M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: Atom Atomic weight of 1 = 1 x 10-23 g
Atomic wt ~ 0

3 M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: Moles and Molar Solution
Q: How heavy is 1 more of carbon?

4 M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: Relative Abundance of Elements

5 M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: Electronic Shell
valency stable CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

6 M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: Covalent and Ionic Bonds
‘strong’ weak CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

7 M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: Sodium Chloride
CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

8 M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: The Geometry of Covalent Bonds
CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

9 M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: Different Single vs Double Bond
CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

10 M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: Polar and Nonpolar Covalent Bonds
CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

11 M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: The Van der Waals Force
CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

12 M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: 3 representations
CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

13 M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: Acids and Bases
CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

14 M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: Effect of Dipoles
CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

15 M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: Hydrogen Bonds
CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

16 M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: Complementary Surface
CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

17 M1.2.4. Nucleotides:: Building Blocks
CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

18 CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell
M Sugars: Sugar Sugar – monosaccharides, (CH2O)n where n = 3,4,5, 6 or 8 usually Glucose: C6H12O6 Different Isoforms exist CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

19 M1.2.1. Sugars: Condensation and Hydrolysis
CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

20 M1.2.1. Sugars: Dissacharides
Glycoprotein, glycolipids oligosaccharides Polygosaccharides (thousands of monsaccharides) Usually used to store enegry: Glycogen in animal and Starch in Plants CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

21 CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell
Carbohydrates CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

22 CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell
Cellulose vs. Amylose CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

23 CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell
Cellulose vs. Amylose CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

24 CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

25 CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell
Chitin CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

26 M1.2.2. Fatty Acids: Fatty Acid
Unsaturated fat: Double bond happens somewhere along the chain. Saturated fat: No double double bond, tend to pack together into a solid mass. Common in animal fat. Fat – use as energy storage Lipids – Fatty acids and their derivatives. Insoluble in water but soluble in Fat or organic solvent CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

27 M1.2.2. Fatty Acids: Cell Wall
CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

28 CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell
Lipid intro CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

29 Triglyceride structure
CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

30 Triglyceride formation
CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

31 Saturated vs. Unsaturated fatty acids
CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

32 CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell
Sat vs. Unsat lipids CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

33 M1.2.3. Amino Acids: Ionized Form and Non-ionized Form
CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

34 CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell
Amino acid structure CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

35 CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell
Amino acids CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

36 CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

37 CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

38 Peptide bond formation
CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

39 CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell
Protein structure CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

40 M1.2.3. Amino Acids: Amino Acid Chain
‘20’ different amino acids CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

41 M1.2.3. Amino Acids: Charge at the Amino Acid Side Chain
CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

42 M1.2.4. Nucleotides: Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

43 M1.2.4. Nucleotides: ATP, the Energy Carrier
CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

44 M1.2.4. Nucleotides: DNA chain
CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

45 M1.2.5. The Big Picture: Macromolecules
CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

46 M1.2.5. The Big Picture : Relative Abundance
CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

47 M1.2.5. The Big Picture : RNA and Protein Folding
Non-covalent bonds CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

48 CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell
M The Big Picture : From Small Building Blocks to Large Assemblies CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

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