1. GHG methodology for bio fuels, energy and heat Netherlands, Kees Kwant, chairman working group

2. Content Need for Sustainability Criteria Development of Methodology
Chain Issues
An Example
Specific Points
Follow Up

3. GROWING PUBLIC CONCERN

4. 1. NEED FOR SUSTAINABILITY CRITERIA
Environmental groups and Parliament are concerned about sustainability of biomass
Application of criteria for sustainability in relevant policy instruments for biofuels and electricity production
A wider application of sustainability indicators by private sector is desirable

5. APPROACH AND ASSIGNMENT
Establishment of a project group ‘Sustainable production of biomass’
Chairman: Prof. Jacqueline Cramer
Assignment: Formulation of testable criteria which can be applied in policy instruments for biofuels and electricity production
Consultation of stakeholders to ensure public support
Specific working groups for further development of indicators

7. 2. Methodology: General approach GHG calculation
ISO LCA guidelines
IPPC guidelines
CDM and YI guidelines
IEA task 38 experience
UK, B, NL experience with GHG in support schemes
Methodology discussed with UK Ministry of Transport, EC, JRC, IFEU, VROM and IEA Bioenergy task 38
Report written by CE (Geert Bergsma) and UU (Veronika Dornburg)

8. GHG reduction for bio chains
GHG fossil chain – GHG bio-chain
GHG fossil chain
Complete fossil chain and complete bio chain needed
Causality of all changes caused by bio chain are leading
Practical approach

9. Bio-chain and fossil reference chain for GHG calculations

10. 3. Bio chain issues
The bio-chain involves the following GHG emissions:
Emissions associated with biomass production, specifically:
Emissions from use of agricultural machinery.
Emissions from fertilizer production.
Emissions from fertilizer use (N2O).
Emissions embodied in changes in biomass carbon stocks.
Emissions embodied in changes in soil carbon balance.
The GHG impact of residues from agricultural production.
Emissions from biomass transport.
Emissions from biomass pre-treatment.
Emissions associated with the energy used for pre-treatment.
The GHG impact of co-products from conversion.

11. Reference issues
The reference fossil energy chain involves the following GHG emissions:
Emissions from mining.
Emissions from transport of coal, gas, oil or electricity.
Emissions from conversion to petrol, electricity or heat.
For bio-chains based on crops grown specifically for energy purposes, the reference consists of:
A reference for land use, carbon stocks and soil carbon. Reference means how the land was used before the crops are cultivated.
The reference production on this land (i.e. the GHG impact of displacement of prior production on the land)
The reference fossil energy chain.

12. 4. Example: CO2 efficiency bioethanol from wheat
Start: Standard:
CO2 reduction: %
Stap 1. change natural gas in Straw Boiler
+ 20 %
Stap 2: Change Fertilizer to Annimal Manure ,
N fertilizer =0
+ 28 %
Stap 3: Change to tractor on biodiesel, diesel = 0
+ 42 %

13. Production chain of bio-energy from crop residues and other wastes

14. 5. Specific points 1 Allocation to residues and byproducts:
System extension (ISO) preferred method but alternatives in difficult cases after stakeholder disc. Possible
Based on Economic value
Based on Energetic value
Direct Land use change GHG effects
Included in method with IPCC data
Displacement of production
Not in the tool because of complexity
Macro impact assessments needed

15. Specific points 2. Reference residue use
Included in the methodology
Reference fossil energy production
Well to wheel study leading for fuels
Monitoring RE leading for elec +heat
Default value setting and freedom of parameter choice in calc tool
Correlated parameters (yield and fertilizers) are combined parameters
Conservative default values for easy to get important data
Typical default values for difficult to get not too important data

16. 6. Follow Up and Recommendations
Tool is being built in the Netherlands and UK
Streamline the gathering of information for the GHG tool and the biodiversity impact assessment
Work together with other European Countries and the European Commission towards a European GHG tool
Evaluate methodology and tools in 1-2 years’ time

17. Thank You for your Attention
Further information:
Click on Downloads Or
Ella Lammers
Secretariat projectgroup