1. Spain and the New World Writing Frames
Question 2: Write a narrative… (8 marks)
[POINT] One of the key events that led to…(WFTQ)…was…FIRST BULLET POINT
[EVIDENCE] In this event…(describe the event)…
[EXPLAIN] This led to…(WFTQ)…because…
This meant that….
Therefore…
[LINK] This led to SECOND BULLET POINT because….
[POINT] The next key event that led to…(WFTQ)…was…SECOND BULLET POINT
[LINK] This led to OWN KNOWLEDGE because….
[POINT] The final event that led to…(WFTQ)…was … (YOUR OWN POINT).
[LINK] This led to (WFTQ) because….
Question 1: Explain two consequences of… (4 marks)
[POINT] One consequence of… {WFTQ} is…
[EVIDENCE] Evidence to support this is…
[EXPLAIN] This meant that… {insert precise own knowledge}
Therefore…
[POINT] Another consequence of… {WFTQ} is…
Question 3: Explain the importance of…for…. (2 x 8 mark)
[POINT] _______ was important for (WFTQ)… because…
[EVIDENCE] Evidence to support this is…
[EXPLAIN] This shows that (WFTQ) was important for (WFTQ) because…
Therefore…

2. Explain the consequences of….
Columbus’s discovery of the new world. Spanish settlements on the native peoples. Spanish imperial policy on the native peoples. Pedrarias and Espinosa’s explorations Magellan’s discovery of a sea route to the Philippines Masacre at Cholula The landing of 1000 Spaniards at Vera Cruz Cortes’s defeat of the Aztecs Pizzaro’s third expedition Murder of Atahuallpa Discovery of silver mines
Question 1: Explain two consequences of… (4 marks)
[POINT] One consequence of… {WFTQ} is…
[EVIDENCE] Evidence to support this is…
[EXPLAIN] This meant that… {insert precise own knowledge}
Therefore…
[POINT] Another consequence of… {WFTQ} is…

3. Explain two consequences of Pedrarias and Espinosa’s explorations.
Question 1: Explain two consequences of… (4 marks)
[POINT] One consequence of… {WFTQ} is…
[EVIDENCE] Evidence to support this is…
[EXPLAIN] This meant that… {insert precise own knowledge}
Therefore…
[POINT] Another consequence of… {WFTQ} is…

4. Explain two consequences of the landing of 1000 Spaniards at Vera Cruz
Question 1: Explain two consequences of… (4 marks)
[POINT] One consequence of the Spanish landing at Vera Cruz was Cortes ‘ power increased.
[EVIDENCE] Evidence to support this is that Cortes left the city of Tenochtitlan to meet the advancing Spaniards. He defeated them. [EXPLAIN] This meant that the survivors from Valesquez’s force joined forces with Cortes. Also Cortes was able to seize the Spanish weapons and guns. Therefore Cortes was in a stronger military position as a result of the arrival of the Spaniards at Vera Cruz
[POINT] Another consequence of the arrival of 1000 Spaniards at Vera Cruz is that the Aztecs became more hostile towards the Spanish. [EVIDENCE] Evidence to support this is Cortes left Alvarado to hold the city of Tenochtitlan when he left to face the new Spanish. Alvarado became fearful of an Aztec attack and therefore massacred the nobles at a festival . [EXPLAIN] This meant that the Aztecs became enraged and started to attack the Spanish. Therefore the arrival of the Spaniards at Vera Cruz led to the Aztecs becoming more hostile to the Spaniards and resulted in a them having to flee Tenochtitlan.

5. Explain 2 consequences of…(4 Marks)
Marks
Description
What did I get?
Level 1
1-2
 Simple or generalised comment is offered about a consequence.
Generalised information about the topic is included, showing limited knowledge and understanding of the period.
Level 2
3-4
Features of the period are analysed to explain a consequence.
Specific information about the topic is added to support the explanation, showing good knowledge and understanding of the period.
WWW
EBI

6. Explain two consequences of the landing of 1000 Spaniards at Vera Cruz
Explain two consequences of the landing of 1000 Spaniards at Vera Cruz. (tip: read p56)
Question 1: Explain two consequences of… (4 marks)
[POINT] One consequence of… {WFTQ} is…
[EVIDENCE] Evidence to support this is…
[EXPLAIN] This meant that… {insert precise own knowledge}
Therefore…
[POINT] Another consequence of… {WFTQ} is…

7. Question 3: Explain the importance of…for…. (2 x 8 mark)
Isabella and Ferdinand’s support for the success of Columbus's discovery of the New World
The creation of Spanish settlements for the success of the Spanish empire
The Law of Burgos for the consolidation of Spanish control over the New World
The explorations of Balboa for the development of a Spanish empire
Native support for Cortes’s defeat of the Aztecs
The spreading of Christianity for increasing Spanish control in the New World
Encomienda system for the Spanish in running the New World
Question 3: Explain the importance of…for…. (2 x 8 mark)
[POINT] _______ was important for (WFTQ)… because…
[EVIDENCE] Evidence to support this is… [EXPLAIN] This meant that…
Therefore (WFTQ) was important for (WFTQ) because…

8. How do I write a narrative account?
Make sure that you cover the dates used
Use language of sequence – this led to, as a result, in response, consequently, next, then, this was caused by, This led to…, This meant that…As a result of this…Next…
Use cause/event/consequence as a way of ordering your response

9. Write a narrative account using… (the two events given)
You will also need to provide an additional event in your answer (8 Marks 12 mins)
Marks
Description
Level 1
1-2
A simple or generalised narrative is provided; the account shows limited analysis and organisation of the events included.
Limited knowledge and understanding of the events is shown.
Level 2
3-5
A narrative is given, showing some organisation of material into a sequence of events leading to an outcome. The account of events shows some analysis of the linkage between them, but some passages of the narrative may lack coherence and organisation.
Accurate and relevant information is added, showing some knowledge and understanding of the events.
Maximum 4 marks for answers that do not go beyond aspects prompted by the stimulus points. 3
6-8
A narrative is given which organises material into a clear sequence of events leading to an outcome.
The account of events analyses the linkage between them and is coherent and logically structured.
Accurate and relevant information is included, showing good knowledge and understanding of the key features or characteristics of the events.
No access to Level 3 for answers which do not go beyond aspects prompted by the stimulus points.

10. Question 2: Write a narrative… (8 marks)
Account analysing the key events of 1527 – 33 that led to the fall of the Inca Empire. Account analysing the key events of that led to the Spanish making their claim to the New World Account analysing the key events of 1519 – 1521 that led to the defeat of the Aztecs by Cortes Account analysing the key events of 1537 – 1548 that led to the establishment of a Spanish empire in south America.

11. Give a narrative account analysing the key events of 1537 – 1548 that led to the establishment of a Spanish empire in south America.
Include the founding of La Paz in 1548 Include 1537 the defeat of the Inca rebellion at Cuzco, the final defeat of the Inca
1537 Defeat of the Inca ?
1548 Founding of Le Paz

12. Account analysing the key events of 1537 – 1548 that led to the establishment of a Spanish empire in south America.
Include the founding of La Paz in 1548 Include 1537 the defeat of the Inca rebellion at Cuzco, the final defeat of the Inca
1537 Defeat of the Inca
Potosi ‘discovered’ 1545
1548 Founding of Le Paz

13. Pizarro defeated the Inca when Atahualpa on 26th July 1533.
Question 2: Account analysing the key events of 1537 – 1548 that led to the establishment of a Spanish empire in south America(8 marks)
[POINT] One of the key events that led to…(WFTQ)…was…FIRST BULLET POINT
[EVIDENCE] In this event…(describe the event)…
[EXPLAIN] This led to…(WFTQ)…because…
This meant that….
Therefore…
[LINK] This led to SECOND BULLET POINT because….
[POINT] The next key event that led to…(WFTQ)…was…SECOND BULLET POINT
[LINK] This led to OWN KNOWLEDGE because….
[POINT] The final event that led to…(WFTQ)…was … (YOUR OWN POINT).
[LINK] This led to (WFTQ) because….
Pizarro defeated the Inca when Atahualpa on 26th July 1533.
Pizarro marched on Cuzco, the Inca capital and installed Manco, Atahuallpa’s half-brother, as puppet ruler.
1536 the Inca rose up agains tth eSpanish. The Spanish defeated the Inca when they took Sacsahuaman, the Inca fortress. By April 1537 the Spanish were in control of the Inca.
The Spanish discovered the mine of Potosi in 1545 in the mountain of Cerro Rico in Bolivia.
Silver made up 85% of the riches sent to Europe.
Le Paz was founded Built on site of Inca city of Laja
Linked Potosi with Oruro in Lima.
Became the administrative centre of the Spanish Empire.

14. Exemplar:
Give a narrative account analysing the key events of 1519 – 1521 that led to the defeat of the Aztecs by Cortes. You could include: The alliance with the Tlaxlacans Night of tears
When Cortes arrived on the mainland in 1519 the Aztec empire was huge. It covered most of central Mexico. However within two years it was defeated by Cortes.
On arrival on the mainland Cortes created an alliance with a tribe that were enemies of the Aztecs. Montezuma felt threatened but invited the Spanish to visit his capital, Tenochtitlan. The Spanish accepted which enabled Montezuma to lead the Spanish through the town of Cholula. Cortes massacred the people of Cholula which broke the trust between the locals and the Spanish and showed the Aztecs that the Spanish were not to be trusted.
On arrival in Tenochtitlan the Spanish were treated like royalty by Montezuma as he feared them and this led to the Spanish and the Aztecs living together in Tenochtitlan in an uneasy peace. The Spanish fears led to them arresting Montezuma and using him as a puppet ruler. However they arrival of a new set of Spaniards at Vera Cruz meant that Cortes left the city to defeat the new arrivals. Whilst away the Aztecs murdered the remaining Spaniards.
Cortes re-grouped having defeated the rival Spaniards. With the aid of the Tlaxlacan allies they laid siege to the city of Tenochtitlan and eventually using boats and the causeways took the city marking the defeat of the Aztecs on the 13th August 1521.

15. Give a narrative account analysing the key events of 1519 – 1521 that led to the defeat of the Aztecs by Cortes. You could include: The alliance with the Tlaxlacans Taking of Tenochtitlan
Question 2: Write a narrative… (8 marks)
[POINT] One of the key events that led to…(WFTQ)…was…FIRST BULLET POINT
[EVIDENCE] In this event…(describe the event)…
[EXPLAIN] This led to…(WFTQ)…because…
This meant that….
Therefore…
[LINK] This led to SECOND BULLET POINT because….
[POINT] The next key event that led to…(WFTQ)…was…SECOND BULLET POINT
[LINK] This led to OWN KNOWLEDGE because….
[POINT] The final event that led to…(WFTQ)…was … (YOUR OWN POINT).
[LINK] This led to (WFTQ) because….

16. Exemplar:
Give a narrative account of how Velazquez conquered Cuba. You may use the fate of Hatuey and the Massacre at Caonao
The conquering of Cuba by Velazquez was prompted because of the spread of disease and death in Haiti. Velazquez’s rule had hurt the native peoples and their leader Hatuey escaped slavery and fled to Cuba. This caused the Spanish to set their sights on Cuba as a destination of conquest. Velazquez arrived on Cuba with 300 conquistadors . They captured Hatuey after 3 months and set an example of him by burning him alive. They did this because Hatuey had the audacity to refuse to convert to Christianity. Having defeated the leader of the resistance the Spanish proceeded to conquer the rest of the island by persuading the natives to supply food to the Spanish and by requesting half of their land. This policy worked well until the Spanish arrived at the town of Caonao. This was a larger town and after the Spanish request to entre the largest house in the town was refused one Conquistador flew into a rage an started to murder the natives. The other Spaniards set about also slaughtering the local people. The consequences of this was that the Spaniard’s approach to the natives became more violent. They reacted quickly and brutally to any form of resistance from then on and by January 1514 the Spanish had conquered all of Cuba with Velazquez setting up the settlements of Santiago de Cuba in 1514 and Havana in 1515.

17. Limited knowledge and understanding of the events is shown.
Marks
Description
Level 1
1-2
A simple or generalised narrative is provided; the account shows limited analysis and organisation of the events included.
Limited knowledge and understanding of the events is shown.
Level 2
3-5
A narrative is given, showing some organisation of material into a sequence of events leading to an outcome. The account of events shows some analysis of the linkage between them, but some passages of the narrative may lack coherence and organisation.
Accurate and relevant information is added, showing some knowledge and understanding of the events.
Maximum 4 marks for answers that do not go beyond aspects prompted by the stimulus points. 3
6-8
A narrative is given which organises material into a clear sequence of events leading to an outcome.
The account of events analyses the linkage between them and is coherent and logically structured.
Accurate and relevant information is included, showing good knowledge and understanding of the key features or characteristics of the events.
No access to Level 3 for answers which do not go beyond aspects prompted by the stimulus points.

18. Explain two of the following: The importance of X for Y…
NB mark each part of the answer separately (2 x 8 marks).
Explain two of the following:
The importance of X for Y…
NB mark each part of the answer separately (2 x 8 marks).
Marks
Description 1
1-2
A simple or generalised answer is given, showing limited development and organisation of material.
Limited knowledge and understanding of the topic is shown. 2
3-5
An explanation is given, showing an attempt to analyse importance. It shows some reasoning, but some passages may lack coherence and organisation.
Accurate and relevant information is added, showing some knowledge and understanding of the period. 3
6-8
An explanation is given, showing analysis of importance. It shows a line of reasoning that is coherent and logically structured.
Accurate and relevant information is included, showing good knowledge and understanding of the required features or characteristics of the period studied.
Marks
Description 1
1-2
A simple or generalised answer is given, showing limited development and organisation of material.
Limited knowledge and understanding of the topic is shown. 2
3-5
An explanation is given, showing an attempt to analyse importance. It shows some reasoning, but some passages may lack coherence and organisation.
Accurate and relevant information is added, showing some knowledge and understanding of the period. 3
6-8
An explanation is given, showing analysis of importance. It shows a line of reasoning that is coherent and logically structured.
Accurate and relevant information is included, showing good knowledge and understanding of the required features or characteristics of the period studied.
WWW:
[]I have written some sentences about one event
[]I have written some sentences about two events
[]I have provided detailed factual evidence for one event
[]I have provided detailed factual evidence for both events
[]I have stated the importance of one event in relation to the question bullet point
[]I have stated the importance of the second event in relation to the question bullet point
[]I have explained the importance of the first event showing analysis of importance
[]I have explained the importance of the second event showing analysis of importance.
WWW:
[]I have written some sentences about one event
[]I have written some sentences about two events
[]I have provided detailed factual evidence for one event
[]I have provided detailed factual evidence for both events
[]I have stated the importance of one event in relation to the question bullet point
[]I have stated the importance of the second event in relation to the question bullet point
[]I have explained the importance of the first event showing analysis of importance
[]I have explained the importance of the second event showing analysis of importance.

19. Marks
Description 1
1-2
A simple or generalised answer is given, showing limited development and organisation of material.
Limited knowledge and understanding of the topic is shown. 2
3-5
An explanation is given, showing an attempt to analyse importance. It shows some reasoning, but some passages may lack coherence and organisation.
Accurate and relevant information is added, showing some knowledge and understanding of the period. 3
6-8
An explanation is given, showing analysis of importance. It shows a line of reasoning that is coherent and logically structured.
Accurate and relevant information is included, showing good knowledge and understanding of the required features or characteristics of the period studied.