1. EMPIRE BUILDING

2. PHILIP II OF MACEDON
After the Peloponnesian War, Sparta allied with Persia to try to dominate Greece & new alliances formed against _______________
Philip trained a professional army with ________________ formations and strong cavalry that he used to conquer Greece
1st time mainland Greece under ___________________________
Assassinated before he could conquer _______________
Images: Bust of Philip II and a reconstruction of his face based on a skull found in his tomb (he lost an eye in battle)
Macedonia located in the North Aegean near Greece
Considered more backwards than the Greeks
Philip had been held captive in Thebes for 3 years, where he learned new military tactics that he would use to defeat the Greeks

3. ALEXANDER THE GREAT 20-year-old __________ of Philip II
Spent ____ years conquering territory from Greece to the Indus valley
His man army defeated huge empires because:
______________, professional soldiers with latest war technology
Alexander was a skilled general who commanded ____________
Tutored by Aristotle and first given command of an army at 18, so he was groomed for this role
His dream had been to conquer lands all the way to the Indian Ocean
New tech included extra long spears for phalanx to use when advancing on enemy, could mow them down
Alexander’s soldiers were loyal to him, but many of the emperors he faced were unpopular despots so their troops weren’t always willing to die for them
Macedonia located in the North Aegean near Greece
Considered more backwards than the Greeks
Philip had been held captive in Thebes for 3 years, where he learned new military tactics that he would use to defeat the Greeks

4. ALEXANDER THE GREAT
Tried to unite empire through Greek _______________ and culture
Allowed local leaders to help ______________ the empire
Respected local laws & __________
Died of illness at _____ and his generals divided the empire
Greece would eventually come under the control of the ____________ Empire
Smart way to govern an empire because forcing them to adopt completely Greek culture would likely have led to rebellion
After his death, we get the Hellenistic Age when Greek culture begins to spread outside of the area around the Aegean Sea to Alexander’s conquered territories

5. EXPANSION OF ROME Conquered Italian peninsula by _____ BCE
Gained Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica & southern Spain by _____ BCE
Conquered most of Iberian peninsula, Macedonia and ______________ by 146 BCE
Much of the early expansion of the Roman Empire came from its successes in the Punic Wars

6. EXPANSION OF ROME
________________added France, Switzerland, parts of Germany & Austria
Empire at its largest under ________________
Empire at its largest on map

7. MANAGING AN EMPIRE Empire divided into _____________________
Provincial governor in charge of ________________________________ & civil servants
Had to defend and collect _____________
Connected by __________ system
_______________ was universal language
Enjoyed Pax Romana (Roman ______________)