1. Mitosis/Meiosis eoc review

2. Cell cycle and mitosis video Cancer vs healthy cells video
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Meiosis video:
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Review activities/animations:

3. Reproduction Reproduction is a fundamental characteristic of life
Propagates your species
2 forms: asexual and sexual
Asexual Strategies
1) binary fission
2) budding
3) fragmentation/fission
Sexual strategies
1) Internal fertilization- Copulation (vagina/penis) –sperm meets egg in female
2) External fertilization
Haploid – having one set of chromosomes (n) – gametes – sperm/egg
Diploid – having two sets of chromosomes (2n) – body cells – one set is maternal and one is paternal
Reproduction

4. Mitosis vs. meiosis Asexual reproduction Sexual reproduction 2 parents
No gametes
Clones
faster, more efficient, less energy
Stable environment
2 identical diploid daughter cells
Sexual reproduction
2 parents
Fusion of gametes
Genetic variation
Slower, less efficient
Changing environment
4 different haploid daughter cells
Mitosis vs. meiosis

5. Cell Division The cell cycle – Interphase – growth
- Mitosis – division
Mitosis creates diploid cells and is for the purpose of tissue repair and growth in animals
DNA coils to form chromosomes during cell division
Stages of the cell cycle (see diagram)
Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis
Meiosis – cell division that creates 4 haploid cells called gametes Meiosis involves 2 divisions – Meiosis I and Meiosis II
Meiosis I has some special events:
In Prophase I homologous chromosomes pair up and crossing over occurs This recombination increases genetic variation for the species
Metaphase I – Pairs line up
Anaphase I – pairs are separated
Meiosis II is similar to mitosis
Cell Division

6. Vocab review game

7. Term: crossing over Term: metaphase
Definition: Exchange of genetic information during Prophase I in Meiosis
Definition: Short phase of mitosis where chromosomes line up at the equator

8. Term: chromosome Term: diploid
Definition: Structure found in the nucleus that is made of DNA
Definition: Cell with two of each kind of chromosome

9. Term: homologous Term: meiosis
Definition: Two chromosomes of each pair in diploid cells that code for the same trait
Definition: Cell division that produces gametes

10. Term: anaphase Term: egg
Definition: Phase of mitosis where chromosome is split and moved to opposite ends of the cell
Definition: Female gamete

11. Term: mitosis Term: centriole
Definition: Cell division that produces somatic cells
Definition: Organelle responsible for cell division in animals

12. Term: haploid Term: chromatid
Definition: Cell with one kind of each chromosome
Definition: Half of a double stranded chromosome

13. Term: prophase Term: sperm
Definition: First and longest phase of mitosis where chromosomes condense
Definition: Male gamete

14. Term: centromere Term: telophase
Definition: Structure that holds a chromosome together
Definition: Final stage in mitosis where nuclear envelope reappears and 2 new cells are formed

15. What am I game

16. Asexual reproduction Nondisjunction Clone
Offspring is genetically identical to parent
cause of Trisomy 21 or Down Syndrome

17. Sexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction
2 parents
Genetic recombinaton

18. 23 46 Chromosome # in human sperm cells
Chromosome number in human muscle cell

19. 2 diploid daughter cells2N
2 diploid daughter cells
Diploid representation
cells produced at the end of cell cycle

20. Cell cycle telophase combination of interphase + mitosis + cytokinesis
Last phase of mitosis

21. Asexual reproduction Sexual reproduction
Binary fission is an example of what type of reproduction
Gametes (sperm and eggs)

22. metaphase
prophase
Phase where chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell
First phase of mitosis

23. interphase cytokinesis First phase of cell cycle
Splitting of cytoplasm

24. 1 2 # of times replication takes place in mitosis
# of times replication takes place in meiosis

25. 2 4 # of daughter cells after mitosis
# of daughter cells after meiosis

26. 1 4
# of viable eggs at end of meiosis
# of sperm at end of meiosis

27. Practice eoc questions

28. Most cells are in ______; during which ____________
A. metaphase; chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell
B. interphase; DNA replicates and the cell grows
C. anaphase; sister chromatids pull apart
D. prophase; chromosomes condense and become visible
Most cells are in ______; during which ____________ B

29. A. Cytokinesis, Growth 1, Synthesis, Growth 2, Mitosis
Put the following phases of the cell cycle in the correct order Growth 1, Growth 2, Mitosis, Cytokinesis, Synthesis D
A. Cytokinesis, Growth 1, Synthesis, Growth 2, Mitosis
B. Synthesis, Growth 1, Growth 2, Mitosis, Cytokinesis
C. Mitosis, Cytokinesis, Growth 1, Synthesis, Growth 2
D. Growth 1, Synthesis, Growth 2, Mitosis, Cytokinesis

30. Which of the following is true of crossing over?
When they are located close together, genes can sometimes be exchanged between homologous chromosome pairs. This process is known as crossing-over.
Which of the following is true of crossing over?
A. Crossing over contributes to genetic diversity or variation
B. Crossing over always results in a non-beneficial mutation
C. Only one gene may be exchanged at a time during crossing over
D. The gene for eye color can be exchanged with the gene for hair color during crossing over A

31. A person has recently been diagnosed with cancer which is malignant
A person has recently been diagnosed with cancer which is malignant. Which cellular process causes uncontrolled growth in cancer tumors?
A. Crossing over B. Mitosis C. Metastasis D. Meiosis B

32. Sunlight, smoking, and asbestos are known mutagens, cancer causing agents. How do mutagens function to disrupt the cell cycle? D
A. Lack of enzyme production
B. Over production of enzyme
C. Inappropriate expression of enzyme
D. All of the above

33. Which of the following is not a correct difference between mitosis and meiosis?
A. Mitosis results in two cells; meiosis results in four.
B. Mitosis is a form of asexual reproduction; meiosis is involved with sexual reproduction
C. Mitosis occurs only in unicellular organisms such as bacteria; meiosis occurs only in multicellular organisms such as humans.
D. Mitosis makes diploid cells; meiosis makes haploid cells. C

34. A somatic cell of an organism has 32 chromosomes
A somatic cell of an organism has 32 chromosomes. Determine how many chromosomes would be found in a gamete of this organism after a meiotic division.
A. 16
B. 32
C. 4
D. 64 A

35. When two ________ perform fertilization, a __________is formed, and its chromosome number is ______________.
A. somatic cells; zygote; haploid
B. zygotes; gamete; haploid
C. gametes; zygote; diploid
D. somatic cells; zygote; diploid C

36. Clones of plants can be created through propagation or cuttings
Clones of plants can be created through propagation or cuttings. What is a disadvantage of a cloned crop of plants?
A. the crops grown through budding reach maturity at faster rate
B. the crops will have more genetic variation that could make them less vulnerable to disease
C. the crops use less acreage, less resources, force farmers to rotate crops
D. the crops will have less genetic variation that could make them more susceptible to disease D

37. Put the cells in the diagram in the correct order.
A. X-U-V-Z-V
B. V-Z-W-U-X
C. X-V-W-U-Z
D. V-W-Z-U-X
Put the cells in the diagram in the correct order. B

38. Independent assortment When and why does DNA replication occur?
Vocabulary
Mitosis
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis
Meiosis
Crossing over
Sexual reproduction
Asexual reproduction
Haploid
Diploid
Gametes
Somatic cells
Clone
Homologous
Zygote
Cell cycle
Independent assortment
Binary fission
Chromosome
Nondisjunction
Fertilization
Essential Questions
Differentiate between the number of cells that mitosis and meiosis make.
When and why does DNA replication occur?

39. During the development of a new embryo the temperature rises above 120 degrees C, well above tolerable limits. How is this environmental change most likely to affect cell differentiation? (positive effect, negative effect, not affected, cell diff sped up)
Which process of cell division results in progeny with half the chromosomes of the parent cells?
What does meiosis most likely increase in populations?

40. Cell cycle game: ml
mitosis matching: ml