1. Building Blocks of Life Module 2.2 (page 56)

2. Introduction to Cells

3. The Cell Theory All living things are made up of one or more cells
Cells are the basic building block of all living things
New cells are produced from existing cells
 Each cell contains structures called organelles which their unique job/function
The Cell Theory

4. Parts of a cell Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Vacuole Nucleus
Golgi Body
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Cytoplasm
Cell Membrane

5. Cell membrane Holds the cell together
Controls what goes in and out of the cell
Cell membrane

6. Cell Wall Maintains shape of a cell Acts as a protective barrier
Present in plant, fungi and bacteria (monera) cells
Cell Wall

7. Nucleus Contains all DNA Control centre of the cell
Controls chemical reactions and how the cell reproduces
Nucleus

8. Cytoplasm The jelly-like substance that holds organelles
The inside of the cell
Cytoplasm

9. Mitochondria Energy source/ Powerhouse of the cell
Makes energy called ATP
Mitochondria

10. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Transport proteins
Pathways which allow materials to move quickly and easily through the cell
Can also be used for detoxifying
Does not contain ribosomes
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

11. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Same functions as smooth however contains ribosomes
Makes, stores and transports proteins

12. Ribosomes This is where proteins are made (protein synthesis)
DNA codes for proteins
Proteins are very important used for growth and repair.
Enzymes and Hormones are different types of proteins
Ribosomes

13. Golgi apparatus/ body Packages proteins
Send proteins to the correct part of the cell
Enzymes modify molecules

14. Lysosomes Get rid of the waste products from the cell
Known as garbage disposal
Usually next to ER
Lysosomes

15. Vacuole Stores water, wastes and chemicals
Plant cells have a much larger vacuole than animal cells
Vacuole

16. Chloroplasts Site of photosynthesis
Allows organisms to manufacture/make their own food
Only in plant and protist cells
Chloroplasts

17. Photosynthesis Carbon dioxide Water Glucose Oxygen
Plants use energy from the sun to combine carbon dioxide and water to form glucose and oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Water
Glucose
Oxygen

18. Living things can be classified into Kingdoms depending on the organelles their cells contain

19. Unicellular vs Multicellular
All living organisms are made of cells.
Some organisms consist of 1 cell only, unicellular. Therefore their cells need to carry out all functions.
Some organisms (like us) are more complex and are made up of many cells, multicellular. Cells begin to become specialised with specific roles.
Unicellular vs Multicellular

20. Unicellular Organisms
The Monera and Protist kingdoms contain single celled organisms
Bacteria are part of the Monera kingdom
Amoeba and Euglena are examples of unicellular organisms that belong in the Protist kingdom
Unicellular Organisms

21. Fungal cells may be unicellular (eg: yeast) or multicellular (eg: mushroom)
Cells of fungi have the same structure as animal cells, plus a cell wall like a plant cell.
Fungi do not produce their own food (= no chloroplasts), but produce and release chemicals that digest the material they are growing on
Fungi Cells

22. Plant Cell
Animal Cell
Monera Cell
Protist Cell
Fungi Cell
The organelles in a cell determine which kingdom the organism belongs to

23. Cells copy and make identical copies of themselves through the process of Mitosis.
This is needed for growth, repair and reproduction (in unicellular organisms)
Cells need to duplicate the information (DNA) before splitting.
Dividing Cells

24. Mitosis vs Meiosis

25. Cell Division

26. Uncontrolled Cell Growth - Cancer
When cells lose the ability to control growth, the numbers grow out of control.
A growing area of cancer cells is referred to as a tumour
What controls the cell?
In the nucleus the information in the DNA instructs the cell.
When that changes / corrupted uncontrolled growth can occur.
What causes the corruption?
UV radiation, Chemicals, Viruses or just mistakes.
Uncontrolled Cell Growth - Cancer

27. Uncontrolled Cell Growth - Cancer

28. Types of tumours
Benign – confined to an area, not spread throughout the body.
Malignant – cells spread around the body creating new spots of cancers.

29. Most common cancers in Australia

30. Review Questions Cell Wall (page 64) Q1,2,5,10,11, 16,18,20,21
Keeps the cells shape (usually rectangular)
Acts as the skeleton of the plant
Lies outside the cell membrane
Only in plant cells, fungi cells and monera cells
Review Questions
(page 64)
Cell Wall
Q1,2,5,10,11,
16,18,20,21