1. The Industrialization of America
The Rise of Industry

2. Industry before the Civil War

3. By 1900…

7. Industrial Growth
Between 1865 and 1900, the u.s. experienced unprecedented economic growth
1860 manufacturers had about $2 billion in value by 1900 they had over $11 billion
Iron ore production nearly quadrupled from 7 million long-tons to 27 million long-tons
Steel output rose from less than 1 million tons to over 11 million tons
Gross National Product tripled during that time
Railroad mileage increased from 30,000 to 250,000 miles

8. After the Civil War
The industrial revolution was in full force in the northern US
Before the Civil War 90% of population were farmers
By 1900 the United States was the world’s leading industrial nation.
This growth in factories became known as “Industrialization”.
The US had the two most important things to help the process of industrialization along:
Natural Resources
A large workforce

9. Natural Resources
The United States had a vast amount of natural resources such as:
1. Coal
2. Timber
3. Iron
4. Copper
Where do you think these items were coming from?
The WEST!
No importing from other countries meant cheaper production in the US.

10. The Newest Natural Resource
Edwin Drake

11. A Large Workforce
Between 1860 and 1910 the population of the United States tripled.
This was largely due to immigration.
These “new Americans” provided for a growing work force in factories.
It also created a demand for products.
Many people chose to come to America to seek a better life.

12. Technology and Inventions
New Inventions
Resources and workforce are important, but the nation also need one more thing—
Technology and Inventions

13. Bell and The Telephone Alexander Graham Bell immigrated from Scotland
Mother and wife were both deaf
In 1876 Alexander Graham Bell and his assistant Thomas Watson invented the telephone.
The first message ever sent was by Bell to Watson.
Bell’s company became the American Telephone and Telegraph Company. (AT&T)
Telephones forever changed they way life was lived

15. Have you ever heard of Elisha Gray?

16. Thomas Edison
Thomas Alva Edison invented many things in his laboratory at Menlo Park, NJ.
Menlo Park was nicknamed the invention factory
5 years, one invention per month at Menlo
1,093 patents in his name
Edison invented the phonograph, light bulb, generator, battery, and motion picture.
Edison would start the Edison General Electric Company which today is called GE.
By 1889, his company was changing the world by supply electric power to New York City

18. Edison’s Story
Dad fled from Canada after a rebellion against the government…moved to New Jersey
Went to school for 3 months before mom decided to home school him
Developed serious hearing issues after scarlet fever
Debated deaf stories
Night shift telegrapher…fired
Sold telegraph idea to Western Union for $10,000 and opened Menlo Park
Direct current war with Westinghouse

19. "If I find 10,000 ways something won't work, I haven't failed
"If I find 10,000 ways something won't work, I haven't failed. I am not discouraged, because every wrong attempt discarded is another step forward".
—Thomas Edison

20. Thomas Edison

21. E.I. Dupont Developed a new way of making gunpowder
Was also a chemist and worked on making new substances like nylon
The Dupont family has been one of the richest in the US over the past 200 years

22. Gorge Westinghouse
Invented the airbrake for trains & allowed for trains to travel safely at much high speeds

23. Gustavus Swift
Developed the first refrigerated rail car which helped to keep meat fresher for longer periods of time.

24. More Inventions Thaddeus Lowe invented the ice machine.
Northrop Automatic Loom allowed cloth to be made much faster.

25. More Inventions Cyrus Field laid the first telegraph line across the Atlantic connecting Europe to the United States.

26. US Patents
Granted

27. Changes to Daily Life Electricity Indoor Plumbing Communication
Transportation

28. Government Help in Industrialization
America was setup as a country with very few governmental regulations…business too
Laissez-faire – French word means “let be”, and was a policy that meant government should not interfere with the economy.
Instead prices were set by supply and demand
The lack of rules attracted many smart people to become Entrepreneurs- People who run a business

29. Tariffs Tariff – a tax on an imported good A protective action…
WHY WOULD A COUNTRY TAX IMPORTED GOODS?

31. Morrill Tariff
Morrill Tariff – placed huge taxes on all imported goods and sold open range land in the Mid-West to railroad companies for less than half of the market value
Why would the government sell the land to railroad companies?