1. The Scientific Revolution
Chapter 16
The Scientific Revolution

2. Classical to Copernicus
In the classical period Ptolemy came up with the geocentric conception
Earth centered universe
Accepted by the church
Copernicus developed the heliocentric conception
Sun centered universe
Kicks off the scientific revolution

3. Magic to Science
From the Renaissance to the 17th Century magic and science were almost identical
Alchemy was the “science” of turning regular items into gold
Hermeticism was the basis for science and understanding the world and how to manipulate it (magic)

4. Collecting Data Tycho Brahe collected 20 years worth of observations
Francis Bacon said that to find truth you needed empirical data (observed and collected)
Galileo’s telescope helped make this process of obtaining data easier

5. New Theories
By using the works of Brahe, Johannes Kepler developed the 3 laws of planetary motion
Determined that planets travel on elliptical orbits, don’t travel with uniform speed etc.
Demonstrates that scientists did not merely accept truth but tested new theories to build and expand on their concepts

6. New Theories
Galileo further expanded our view of the universe with the telescope in his book Starry Messenger
Identified the principle of inertia
Said celestial objects made up of same material as earth
The church becomes cautious: They don’t want to claim that science is all wrong but don’t want people to give it all power either

7. Newton
Author of Principia, Newton made many great discoveries for science
Discovered universal law of gravitation
Invented Calculus to help him with his findings
Made the concept of a “World Machine” where things acted according to natural laws instead of God
Combined scientific method

8. Doctors
Galen (classical doctor) claimed body had four humors (liquids) and sickness came from an imbalance of them
Paracelsus claimed that chemicals could be used to treat cures with similar chemicals in different dosage
(Our first pharmacist)

9. Studying Anatomy
Vesalius believed that doctors needed hands on approach training so dissected bodies to study anatomy
William Harvey discovered that the heart originated blood and pumped it through body. Also discovered capillaries function of transferring blood from arteries to veins

10. Other scientists Antoine Lavoisier: Founder of modern chemistry
Robert Boyle: Wanted controllable experiments and determined laws of gasses

11. Rene Descartes
Cartesian Dualism: claims that there should be a separation of Mind and Body
Idea of I think therefore I am. The only thing you could prove was your own existence. Said body can be tricked
Father of modern rationalism

12. Religion and Science
Margaret Cavendish said that science would not help man become masters of nature
Benedict Spinoza supported Pantheism
Blaise Pascal tried to unite science with religion but warned people against accepting science over religion