1. How would you sort: Animals Ice Cream Flavors Students at Hogwarts
How do we sort things?
How would you sort:
Animals
Ice Cream Flavors
Students at Hogwarts

2. Sorting Animals- Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Ice cream- flavors
Students at Hogwarts- Sorting Hat

3. How do we sort nouns?
Just like in the previous examples nouns in Latin are sorted by their characteristics.
These characteristics are Declension, Gender, Number, and Case.

4. Declensions
Just like the students at Hogwarts are sorted into their houses based on certain characteristics, so too are nouns.
Just like the students in Harry Potter who wear certain colors to show which house they are in, nouns wear certain endings to show which declension they are in.
Nouns are put into one of five declensions (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, or 5th).
Depending on what declension a noun is in determines what its endings look like.

5. Declensions- A Fancy Way of Saying Pattern of Endings for nouns
There are 5 declensions in Latin.
The declension a noun is in can be determined by its genitive singular ending.
Today you are going to learn the 1st-3rd Declension endings for 4 cases!!!
Remember you can tell which house a student is in Hogwarts by what colors he/she wears, we tell which declension a noun is in by what endings it wears.

6. 1st Declension Singular Nominative -a Genitive -ae Accusative -am
Ablative -ā

7. 2nd Declension Singular Nominative -us/-r Genitive -i Accusative -um
Ablative -ō

8. 3rd Declension- M/F Singular Nominative Anything Genitive -is
Accusative
-em
Ablative -e

9. What’s in a vocab list?
The blue list vocabulary lists will give you the following information about nouns:
The first word is the: nominative singular
The second word is the: genitive singular
The letter is the: gender, which stands for masculine (m), feminine (f), or neuter (n).
If the genitive ends in…
ae = 1st declension
i = 2nd declension
is = 3rd declension

10. The blue list vocabulary tells you…
villa, villae, f
1st word: villa = nominative singular
2nd word: villae = genitive singular
-ae = 1st declension
Letter: f = feminine

11. The blue list vocabulary tells you…
hortus, horti, m
1st word: hortus = nominative singular
2nd word: horti = genitive singular
-i = 2nd declension
Letter: m = masculine

12. The blue list vocabulary tells you…
mater, matris, f
1st word: mater = nominative singular
2nd word: matris = genitive singular
-is = 3rd declension
Letter: f = feminine

13. Gender, Number, and Case
The other characteristics that we use to describe a noun are Gender, Number, and Case (GNC).
Gender refers to the grammatical gender of the noun- masculine, feminine, or neuter
Number refers to how many nouns there are- singular (1) or plural (2+)
Case refers to the job each noun has in the sentence.

14. Case
Case is a fancy way of saying ‘job in the sentence’. Each noun has a case and therefore a specific job in the sentence.

15. Cases: Just a Fancy Way of Saying- Job in the Sentence
Nominative: Subject on the sentence (Doer)
Accusative: Direct Object (Receiver of Action)
Ablative: Object of Preposition of certain prepositions. (in)