1. Land Planning Concepts
The Methods & Theory Recreation & Outdoor Education Providers use to manage the land & the people

2. Sustainability
“The health of the oceans depends on the health of the rivers; the health of the rivers depends on the health of small streams; the health of small streams depends on the health of their watersheds”
Wendell Berry, from a book of essays titled “The Way of Ignorance” – in Duluth News Tribune 11/2/08

3. Basic Planning Approaches
Limits of Acceptable Change (LAC)
Benefits Based Management
vs. Best Management Practices
Public Participation
Multiple Use
Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS)

4. Limits of Acceptable Change (G. H. Stankey, D. N. Cole, R. C. Lucas, M
Limits of Acceptable Change (G. H. Stankey, D. N. Cole, R. C. Lucas, M. E. Petersen. & S. S. Frissell, 1985)
Based upon a set of baseline data To know the area before development
An effort to prevent desensitization
Reflects biological, physical, and social conditions The social demands are what most influence the biological & physical

5. The Limits of Acceptable Change (LAC) planning system
Response to growing recognition in the U .S. that attempts to define and implement recreational carrying capacities were both excessively reductionistic and failing.
Carrying capacity concept itself was based on biological models.
Such models did not transfer well into ecosystems being managed for human benefits based primarily on recreational experiences

6. LAC was based on the recognition that
( 1) specific objectives were needed to identify what it was that management was to protect,
(2) change is always present in nature-dominated systems,
(3) any recreational use leads to some change,
(4) management is therefore confronted with the question of how much change is acceptable, and
(5) monitoring of the outcomes of management is needed to determine if actions were effective. (McCool, Paper presented at Workshop on Impact Management in Marine Parks, sponsored by Maritime Institute of Malaysia, August 13-14, 1996, Kuala Lumpur, MALA YSIA)

7. Benefits Based Management
Similar to LAC
Assesses a range of benefits of the site Includes biological, physical, & social
Determines highest priorities of site through rankings (socially determined) and manages based on those benefits.

8. Multiple Use Coined by Gifford Pinchot
An effort to provide multiple compatible uses for an area
It is not everyone’s right to use the same area.

9. Designations (Classes) in ROS
Primitive
Semi-primitive Nonmotorized
Semi-primitive Motorized
Roaded Natural
Rural
Urban