1. Glacier Dynamics in a Changing Climate
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2. Valley slope Ice temperature Basal conditions
Variables that affect glacier flow:
Valley slope
Ice temperature
Basal conditions

3. Glaciers Flow:
Downhill (slope affects flow speed)
Warmer ice flows faster
Ice is brittle (crevasses) & ductile
Basal characteristics are important
(the presence of water at the bed)

4. PVC pipe lined with sandpaper
How Ice Flows: Basal Conditions
Preparing the PVC pipe
PVC pipe lined with aluminum foil and lubricated with oil
Lubricated Bed
PVC pipe
Normal Bed
PVC pipe lined with sandpaper
Rough Bed
Basal Conditions

5. How Ice Flows: Valley Slope
Angle of PVC pipe
65°
Steep
45°
Medium
25°
Shallow
Valley Slope

6. How Ice Flows: Ice Temperature
Flubber temperature
warm
ice
normal
cold
Flubber microwaved until hot to touch
Warm Ice
(pink flubber)
Flubber at room temperature
Normal Ice
(white flubber)
Flubber placed in the freezer prior to class
Cold Ice
(blue flubber)
Ice Temperature

7. Lab setup
basic setup
advanced setup