1. Protein Synthesis

2. You should be able to describe
Generally, how a protein is made from DNA
The process of transcription
The process of translation
How the DNA codes for RNA and how RNA codes for amino acids

3. How does DNA express the phenotypes it codes for?
Proteins
Ex. OCA2 gene codes for a protein that helps transport melanin within the melanocytes (cells that produce melanin)

4. How does it do this?

5. Transcription
Going from DNA to mRNA -DNA serves as a template to the new mRNA strand - RNA has the same base pairs as DNA except instead of Thymine it has Uricil

6. Now you try! DNA strand – ACCGTACCTGGA RNA strand – UGGCAUGGACCU
One more try
DNA strand – TCCGGAATCGGTA
RNA strand – AGGCCUUAGCCAU

7. Translation Going from RNA language to amino acid language
Amino acids are what makes up __________? ?

8. Translation Going from RNA language to amino acid language
Amino acids are what makes up Proteins!

9. Proteins do the work of the cell which makes a phenotypic effect.
Examples
Proteins can bind to DNA to start DNA replication, therefore making more cells for growth
Protein such as insulin, makes glucogon when blood sugar gets too high

11. Cracking the code

12. A closer look at transcription

13. A closer look at translation
First, take a look at tRNA , rRNA, and mRNA

14. Translation

15. Termination of translation

16. Now you try!!

17. Note the differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Eukaryotic Transcription
Transcription initiation complex

18. Note the differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Eukaryotes - After Transcription
RNA processing

19. Note the differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

20. Animation

21. You should be able to describe
Generally, how a protein is made from DNA
The process of transcription
The process of translation
How the DNA codes for RNA and how RNA codes for amino acids