1. Petrochemical Industry

2. Petroleum Refining- The Mother IndustryC R U D E O I L
5-6%

3. Product Petrochemical feed-stocks Petroleum Fuels C2-C3 gas
Hydrogen
Lubricants
Syngas
Sulfur
Petrochemical feed-stocks
C2-C3 gas
LPG
C4 stream
Naphtha for light olefins
Naphtha for aromatics
Kerosene
Gas oil for cracking

4. Ethylene, Propylene, 1.3-Butadiene & BTX,
Petrochemicals- The Origin
CRUDE OIL
REFINARY
FEEDSTOCKS
Gas, Naphtha, Gas Oil, Kerosene
PETROCHEMICAL
INDUSTRY
BASIC CHEMICALS
Ethylene, Propylene, 1.3-Butadiene & BTX,
PETROCHEMICALS
PE,PP,PVC,PS,PBR,MEG,LAB,ACN, AF, PTA, PHA, MA,CPL

5. Basic/Building block Chemicals
Ethylene
Propylene
Butadiene (1,3)
Benzene
Toulene
Xylenes

6. Petrochemicals from Ethylene

7. Petrochemicals from Propylene

8. Petrochemicals from Butadiene
Polybutadiene
Rubber
PBR
Styrene-Butadiene
Rubber SBR
Acrylonitrile-
Butadiene
-Styrene ABS
Adiponitrile
ADN
Specialty
Polymers /
Chemicals

9. Petrochemicals from Benzene

10. Petrochemicals from Toluene
Benzene
Xylenes
Specialty/
Functionalized
chemicals

11. Petrochemicals from Xylenes
O-Xylene
m-Xylene
p-Xylene
Phthalic anhydride
Terephthalic acid
PTA
Iso-phthalic acid
Plasticizers
PET
Polyesters

12. Table.3. Major petrochemical processes & catalysts
Catalysts/Processes
Aromatics
Naphtha reforming- Production of Gasoline & BTX
Pt-Re/Al2O3, Pt-Sn/Al2O3,
Semi-regenerative/ CCR
UOP/Axens/Criterion/Chevron/IPCL/RIL
Xylene Isomerization- Towards maximization of p-Xylene- EB Conversion/ EB dealkylation prcesses
ZSM-5 Composite
UOP, Axens, Exxon-Mobil
Zeolyst , IPCL/RIL
C7+C9 Aromatics Transalkylation- Upgradation of low value C7& C9 streams, towards maximization of p-Xylene
UOP, Axens, Exxon-Mobil,SK Corpn 
Toluene Disproportionation- Up gradation of low value C7 stream- Value added products- Benzene & p- Xylene
UOP, Axens, Exxon-Mobil, 
Alkylation of Toluene/ Ethylbenzne- Value added products- p-Xylene & PDEB
Pore regulated ZSM-5
 IPCL/RIL, UOP

13. Dehydrogenation
C3 ,C4 paraffins to Olefins- Monomers- Propylene, Iso-butene
Cr2 O3/Al2O3, Pt-Sn/Al2O3,
 UOP, CATOFIN, Phillips, Linde
C10-C13 paraffins to Mono olefins- For alkylation with Benzene to Linear Alkyl Benzene (LAB)
Pt-Sn/Al2O3,
UOP, IFP,IPCL/RIL
Ethyl benzene to Styrene
Fe-K/Al2O3
UOP

14. Hydrogenation
Acetylenics in C2/C3/C4 hydrocarbon streams- Purification of monomers
Pd/Ni supported on alumina with promoters
Axens, Sud-Chemie, BASF
Benzene to Cyclohexane- For caprolactum production
Ni/Alumina, Pt/Alumina
Axens, SC,UOP
Hydrogenation of Oils/Fats
Ni/Alumina
Purification of PTA- removal of 4-CBA
Pd/Carbon
BASF, Sud-Chemie,Chemit
Hydrogenation of unsaturated organic compounds
Supported Ni/Pd with promoters

15. Oxidation /Epoxidation /Oxychlrination / Ammoxidation
Ethylene to Ethylene oxide
Promoted Ag/Alumina, DOW,Shell,Sci.Design
Ethylene to Acetic acid
Supported Pd
Ethylene+ HCl to Ethylene dichloride
CuCl2- KCl/Alumina
BASF, KNF, Oxyvinyl
Propylene to Acrylonitrile
Molybdates of Bi,Fe,Ni/Silica
 Ineos
Propylene to Acrylic acid
V-P-O,Ineos
Propylene to Propylene oxide
Supported Mo Oxides/Au
O-Xylene to Phthalic anhydride
Vanadia/TiO2
P-Xylene to Purified Terephthalic acid
(PTA)
Co-Mn fatty acids
Butane to Maleic anhydride
V-P-O, Ineos

16. Polymer Processes Ethylene to Polyethylene LDPE, LLDPE, HDPE
Ethylene to Polyethylene
LDPE, LLDPE, HDPE
High pressure tubular process (LDPE)
Chevron-Phillips slurry process
Basell Spherilene process ( LLDPE/HDPE)
NOVA- Sclairtech process ( LLDPE/HDPE)
Propylene to Polypropylene
PP, PE Copolymers
Basell Spheripol PP process
Dow UNIPOL PP process
Borstar PP process
Vinyl chloride to Polyvinyl chloride
PVC
Innovyl Suspension PVC
UHDE, Goodrich process

17. Polymer Processes Ethylene to Polyethylene LDPE, LLDPE, HDPE
Ethylene to Polyethylene
LDPE, LLDPE, HDPE
High pressure tubular process (LDPE)
Chevron-Phillips slurry process
Basell Spherilene process ( LLDPE/HDPE)
NOVA- Sclairtech process ( LLDPE/HDPE)
Propylene to Polypropylene
PP, PE Copolymers
Basell Spheripol PP process
Dow UNIPOL PP process
Borstar PP process
Vinyl chloride to Polyvinyl chloride
PVC
Innovyl Suspension PVC
UHDE, Goodrich process