1. Georgia 1877-1918 and the New South Key people and events of this Period
SS8H7 The student will evaluate key political, social, and economic changes that occurred in Georgia between 1877 and (a, b, c, and d)

2. Reconstruction ends
After Reconstruction the south was still in turmoil. After suffering most of the war damage, how could it resurrect itself and its economy?
The south and Georgia picks itself up and tries to rebuild politically and economically.

3. Bourbon Triumvirate
“Bourbon” the name of a ruling class in France and “Triumvirate” referring to a ruling body of three.
Joseph E. Brown, Alfred Colquitt, John B. Gordon, three men united in a common goal to rebuild the south.
They were bound together in the belief that in order for GA’s economy to grow, we needed to expand our ties with the industrial North.
Wanted to keep many of the old southern tradition, including the belief in white supremacy
Active in GA politics from

4. Joseph E. Brown John B. Gordon
Alfred H. Colquitt

5. Henry Grady “Voice of the New South”
Graduated from University of Georgia
In 1880 became managing editor of Atlanta Constitution
In one of his most famous speeches he stressed the need for industry in Georgia, particularly the textile mills
One of the planners of the Atlanta 1881 International Cotton Exposition

6. Atlanta and the International Cotton Exposition
1895 International and Cotton States Exposition opens
It showcased the latest technology in transportation, manufacturing, mining, agriculture, and other fields.
Helped attract investor and highlighted Atlanta as a regional business center
Booker T. Washington gave the famous speech known as the “Atlanta Compromise “

7. Courtesy of Atlanta
History Center
Archives

8. Tom Watson: a Powerful Leader of his time
Member of the Georgia General Assembly, the U.S. House in 1890 and Senate in 1920
Represented the Farmer’s Alliance and the Populist Party, opposed national banks, paper money, and wanted a decrease in taxes for low income citizens
Succeeded in instituting an experimental program of bringing free delivery of mail to rural areas (Rural Free Delivery bill)

9. Thomas E. Watson
When many were supporting Northern industry, Watson supported the farmers and the agrarian traditions

10. The Populists A new political party in the 1890’s
Appealed to white farmers who had been struggling due to low cotton prices, debt and high railroad freight charges
Developed out of the Farmers Alliance which was an agricultural society
Rose in opposition to the Democratic Party
Was popular in many southern states but strongest in Georgia

11. government assistance.
Political Cartoon of the time. Farmers needed
government assistance.

12. The 1906 Atlanta Race Riot Occurred September 22-24, 1906
Racial tensions were aggravated by wide spread unemployment
White mob attacked innocent blacks after the newspaper erroneously reported that white women had been assaulted by 4 black men
Lasted three days until the GA militia stepped in to control the mob and arrested 250 men outside of Brownsville
There were varying reports on the death total, it ranged from twenty-five to forty African American deaths, but most accounts agree that only two whites were killed.

13. October 7, 1906, issue of the French publication Le Petit Journal.

14. Leo Frank Case
Convicted of the murder of 13 year old Mary Phagan, a young worker at National Pencil factory
Because he was Jewish, the superintendent of the pencil factory and from the north; he represented many things southerners resented at the time
After the governor commuted his sentence to life in prison, a mob from Mary’s hometown of Marietta took him from jail
He was lynched on August 17, 1915

15. Paroles pardoned Frank.
In 1986 the Georgia State
Board of Pardons and
Paroles pardoned Frank.

16. Plessy v. Ferguson
“In the pivotal case of Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that racially separate facilities, if equal, did not violate the Constitution. Segregation, the Court said, was not discrimination.”
Homer Plessy was arrested in Louisiana for refusing to move from a train seat reserved for whites

17. Jim Crow Laws and the restriction of civil rights
A group of laws in the South that were designed to limit and restrict the civil rights of African Americans
Based on white supremacy, these laws separated people of color from whites in schools, housing, jobs, and public gathering places.
Through legal means they were prevented from voting
Supreme Court supported these laws with the Plessy v. Ferguson decision

18. Jim Crow “White citizen league barring Black voters”
Harpers Weekly 10/31/1874

19. Separate but
rarely equal.

21. Differing ideas for reaching equality
Booker T. Washington
W.E.B. Dubois
Popular spokesman for African American rights
Believed the best way to equal rights was through education, "industry, thrift, intelligence and property.“
Had a network of supporters (many wealthy northern philanthropists)
Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute
Founder of the Niagara Movement that later becomes the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People)
Believed the best way to equal rights was through political representation and the “talented tenth” or the intellectual elite

22. Alonzo Herndon
Born a slave and later becomes Atlanta’s first African American millionaire
Founder and president of Atlanta Mutual Life Insurance Co
Owned the Crystal Palace, a barbershop in Atlanta that served elite white society of Atlanta