1. Quantitative design: Ungraded review questions

2. Mary Mei conducted a longitudinal study by following cohorts from 2001 to She implemented a new math program at Grade 4 and monitor student progress until Grade 10. What is/are the possible threat(s) against internal validity of this study?
History.
Maturation.
Regression to the mean.
All of the above

3. Sue Yu recruited 100 youths from a church by convenience sampling, and then introduced a 6-month discipleship program to them. She compared the pretest and the posttest scores of spirituality to investigate whether the program could make a difference. Assume that the spirituality scale is good (reliable and valid), what is/are the possible threat(s) against internal validity of this study?
Selection of subjects (sampling bias)
Mortality (drop out).
Testing effect
All of the above

4. Dr. Digging Grave ran an experiment by assigning the students into two groups. The control group used the regular curriculum whereas the treatment group adopted a new one used by the honor program. What is/are the potential problem(s) in this study?
John Henry effect
The control is not comparable to the treatment.
What Dr. Grave did is unethical.
All of the above

5. Dr. Donald Doug randomly assigned students into two groups
Dr. Donald Doug randomly assigned students into two groups. In the treatment group the participants watched a multimedia tutorial on statistics. Dr. Doug wants to know whether using multimedia could enhance test performance in statistics. What is/are the potential threat(s) against external validity of this study?
Multiple treatment interference
John Henry effect
Selection bias
All of the above

6. In research design we need to be proactive by anticipating the potential threats against the validity of the study. This is in alignment with which criterion of research design?
Completeness
Efficiency
Insight
All of the above