1. Introduction to TCP/IP
Chapter Seven
Introduction to TCP/IP

2. Objectives Covered
2.3 Explain properties and characteristics of TCP/IP.
IPv4 vs. IPv6
Public vs. private vs. APIPA/link local
Static vs. dynamic
Client-side DNS settings
Client-side DHCP
Subnet mask vs. CIDR
Gateway
2.4 Explain common TCP and UDP ports, protocols, and their purpose.
Ports
21 – FTP
22 – SSH
23 – Telnet
25 – SMTP
53 – DNS
80 – HTTP
110 – POP3
143 – IMAP
443 – HTTPS
3389 – RDP
, 445 – SMB
548 or 427 – AFP
Protocols
DHCP
DNS
LDAP
SNMP
SMB
CIFS
SSH
AFP
TCP vs. UDP

3. TCP/IP and OSI

4. TCP/IP Structure

5. Process/Application Layer
AFP
CIFS
DHCP
DNS
FTP
HTTP/HTTPS
IMAP
LDAP
POP3/SMTP
RDP
SFTP
SMB
SNMP
SSH
Telnet

6. Host-to-Host Layer
TCP
Connection oriented
UDP
Connectionless

7. Common Port Numbers Service Protocol Port FTP TCP 20, 21 SSH 22 Telnet23
SMTP 25
DNS
TCP/UDP 53
HTTP 80
DHCP
UDP
67, 68
SMB/CIFS
, 445
POP3
110
IMAP4
143
SNMP
161
LDAP
389
AFP
427, 548
HTTPS
443
RDP
3389

8. Internet Layer
Internet Protocol (IP)
ICMP
ARP
RARP

9. IPv4 Addressing Parts of an IP Address Subnet Mask Classes Network
Host
Subnet Mask
Classes
Class
First Octet
Default Subnet Mask
Comments A
1-127
For very large networks B
For medium sized networks C
For smaller networks with fewer hosts D
N/A
Reserved for multicasts (sending messages to multiple systems) E
Reserved for testing

10. DHCP and DNS
DHCP
Provides IP configuration information to hosts on a network
IP address
Subnet mask
Default gateway
DNS server address
DNS
Resolves host names to IP addresses

11. Private IP Addresses and APIPA
Network Address Translation (NAT)
Private IP Address Ranges:
APIPA
Range: /16
Class
IP Address Range
Subnet Mask
Number of Hosts A –
16.7 million B –
1 million C –
65,536

12. IPv6 128-bit address No separate subnet mask Written in hexadecimal
Unicast, anycast, multicast
Link local vs. APIPA