1. Chapter 13
Genetic Engineering

3. (Ch. 13) Selective breeding
allowing animals with desired characteristics to produce the next generation
Pass on the desired trait
Horses, cats, farm animals
Crops (disease-resistant potato from Luther Burbank)

4. Hybridization
crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best of both organisms
Hybrids are hardier than parents
In the potato-disease resistance x food production (Burbank potato)

7. Inbreeding
Continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics
Keep desired traits of a line of organisms
The cross can bring together 2 recessive alleles
for a genetic
defect-BAD!

8. Inducing Mutations Increases the genetic variation in a population
Mutations are the ultimate source of genetic variability
Occur spontaneously
Use of radiation, chemicals
Hard to get desired mutants

9. New Bacteria
Hundreds of useful bacterial strains have been produced
Bacteria can even digest oil

10. New Kinds of Plants
polyploid – chromosomes do not separate during meiosis
Use drugs that prevent chromosome separation
Plants are stronger, bigger than diploid
Polyploidy fatal in animals

11. Manipulating DNA DNA is removed from the cell
Restriction enzymes find recognition sequences and cut the DNA
Gel electrophoresis separates the DNA
Used to compare genes or locate a gene out of thousands in the genome

13. Recombinant DNA
DNA molecules made by combining DNA from different sources

14. Transgenic Organisms Contain genes from other species
Microorganisms – insulin, growth hormone, clotting factor
In the future – may help fight cancer

15. Transgenic Animals/Plants
Used to study genes and improve food supply
Study immune system and effects of disease
Extra copies of growth hormone- grow faster and produce leaner meat
Working on chickens

16. GM foods – produce natural insecticide
Resistant to weed-killing chemicals
May be able to produce human antibodies to fight disease
Rice plant contains vitamin A

17. Cloning
Cloned bacteria
Dolly
Ethical and moral issues