Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Chapter 6: Learning Ch. 6.

Published byAugusta Bradford Modified over 6 years ago

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "Chapter 6: Learning Ch. 6."— Presentation transcript:

1 Chapter 6: Learning Ch. 6

2 Learning 1. Classical Conditioning: Pairing
Relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience 1. Classical Conditioning: Pairing 2. Operant Conditioning: Consequence 3. Observational Learning: Watching Ch. 6

3 Classical Conditioning
Ivan Pavlov: we learn to associate two stimuli by pairing (experiments w/ dogs) Ch. 6

4 Classical Conditioning
Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS): Stimulus coming from the environment that naturally triggers a response (automatic) Unconditioned Response (UCR): Reflex to the UCS, unlearned/naturally/automatically Neutral Stimulus (NS): has no relationship to the UCS or UCR but later gains power to trigger the CR Conditioned Stimulus (CS): aka previously neutral stimulus, through pairing w/ UCS becomes learned & triggers the CR Conditioned Response (CR): learned response to the conditioned stimulus Ch. 6

5 Classical Conditioning: Terminology
Acquisition: The initial stage of learning Elicited: “Brings out” either automatically or involuntarily Trial: Pairing of the UCS & NS Ch. 6

6 Classical Conditioning of a Fear Response
Ch. 6

7 Processes in Classical Conditioning
Extinction: presenting the CS alone w/out UCS causing weakening/disappearance Spontaneous Recovery: reappearance of behavior, after a period of no exposure Stimulus Generalization: responding to similar stimuli Discrimination: responding to only a specific stimuli Ch. 6

8 Acquisition, Extinction & Spontaneous Recovery
Ch. 6

9 Variations in Classical Conditioning
Stimulus Contiguity: occurring together in time and space Higher-Order Conditioning: building on an already conditioned behavior, to associate another conditioned stimulus. (1st to sound, then to color) Renewal Effect: if extinguished in another place, reappearance of the behavior if you return to the original environment Ch. 6

10 Higher-order conditioning
Ch. 6

11 Classical Conditioning: Behaviorism
John B. Watson: behavior learned through.. Little Albert: classically conditioned a baby to fear a white rat, then any small fluffy thing. UCS: Generalization? UCR: Discrimination? NS: Reversible? CS: CR: Ch. 6

12 Operant Conditioning Operant Conditioning: learning that is controlled by consequences Edward L. Thorndike (1913) Law of Effect: behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely & vice versa Puzzle Box: experiments w/ Cats taught escape learning Ch. 6

13 Escape and avoidance learning
Ch. 6

14 Operant Conditioning B.F. Skinner (1953) – principle of reinforcement
Operant Chamber (Skinner Box): complex or voluntary behaviors controlled my a machine Emission of response: voluntary Reinforcement Contingencies: rules Cumulative Recorder: graphs responses Ch. 6

15 Skinner Box & Cumulative Recorder
Ch. 6

16 Basic Processes in Operant Conditioning
Acquisition: first time you learn Shaping: reinforcing behavior that is close too the desired goal Extinction: weakening/disappearance of a response (no consequence Discriminative Stimuli: cues that influence behavior (asking when in a good mood) Ch. 6

17 Comparison of Basic Classical & Operant Conditioning
Ch. 6

18 Consequences that Strengthen Responses
Primary Reinforcers Satisfy biological needs (needs) Secondary Reinforcers Conditioned reinforcement (wants) Ch. 6

19 Schedules of Reinforcement
Continuous reinforcement Intermittent (partial) reinforcement: (leads to more resistance to extinction) Ratio schedules: Based on Response Fixed Ratio Variable Ratio Interval schedules: Based on Time Fixed Interval Variable Interval Ch. 6

20 Schedules of Reinforcement

21 Consequences: Reinforcement & Punishment
Positive: (+) Something Given Reinforcement: Behavior Increases Negative: (-) Something Taken Punishment: Behavior Decreases Ch. 6

22 Positive Reinforcement & Negative Reinforcement
Ch. 6

23 Negative Reinforcement & Punishment
Ch. 6

24 Consequences: Reinforcement & Punishment
Positive Reinforcement Negative Reinforcement Escape learning: learn to end aversion Avoidance learning: learn to prevent Positive Punishment Negative Punishment Problems with punishment Ch. 6

25 New Operant Conditioning Ideas
Conditioned Taste Aversion: John Garcia, taste-nausea & odder-nausea are impossible to prevent Ch. 6

26 Conditioned Taste Aversion
Ch. 6

27 Observational Learning
Albert Bandura: Observational learning through modeling Models: people who demonstrate the behavior 4 key processes attention retention reproduction motivation Ch. 6

28 Observational learning
Ch. 6

Download ppt "Chapter 6: Learning Ch. 6."

Similar presentations

A.P. Psychology Modules 20-22

A.P. Psychology Modules 20-22
Chapter 6: Learning. Classical Conditioning Ivan Pavlov A type of learning in which a neutral stimulus acquires the ability to elicit a response. How.

Chapter 6: Learning. Classical Conditioning Ivan Pavlov A type of learning in which a neutral stimulus acquires the ability to elicit a response. How.
©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e) Psychology in Action (8e) by Karen Huffman PowerPoint  Lecture Notes Presentation Chapter.

©John Wiley & Sons, Inc Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e) Psychology in Action (8e) by Karen Huffman PowerPoint  Lecture Notes Presentation Chapter.
Lecture Overview Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Cognitive-Social Learning The Biology of Learning Using Conditioning & Learning Principles.

Lecture Overview Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Cognitive-Social Learning The Biology of Learning Using Conditioning & Learning Principles.
Chapter 8 Learning.  Learning  relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience.

Chapter 8 Learning.  Learning  relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience.
LEARNING.

LEARNING.
Chapter 6: Learning. Classical Conditioning Ivan Pavlov Terminology –Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS): evokes an unconditioned response without previous conditioning.

Chapter 6: Learning. Classical Conditioning Ivan Pavlov Terminology –Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS): evokes an unconditioned response without previous conditioning.
Learning Prof. Tom Alloway. Definition of Learning l Change in behavior l Due to experience relevant to what is being learned l Relatively durable n Conditioning.

Learning Prof. Tom Alloway. Definition of Learning l Change in behavior l Due to experience relevant to what is being learned l Relatively durable n Conditioning.
Chapter 6: Learning. Classical Conditioning Ivan Pavlov Terminology –Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) –Conditioned Stimulus (CS) –Unconditioned Response (UCR)

Chapter 6: Learning. Classical Conditioning Ivan Pavlov Terminology –Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) –Conditioned Stimulus (CS) –Unconditioned Response (UCR)
Chapter 6 Learning. Table of Contents Classical conditioning Ivan Pavlov Terminology –Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) –Conditioned Stimulus (CS) –Unconditioned.

Chapter 6 Learning. Table of Contents Classical conditioning Ivan Pavlov Terminology –Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) –Conditioned Stimulus (CS) –Unconditioned.
Chapter 6 Learning. Table of Contents Learning Learning defined on page –Classical conditioning –Operant/Instrumental conditioning –Observational learning.

Chapter 6 Learning. Table of Contents Learning Learning defined on page –Classical conditioning –Operant/Instrumental conditioning –Observational learning.
Chapter 6: Learning 1Ch. 6. – Relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience 1. Classical Conditioning : Pairing 2. Operant Conditioning :

Chapter 6: Learning 1Ch. 6. – Relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience 1. Classical Conditioning : Pairing 2. Operant Conditioning :
Learning Theories Learning To gain knowledge, understanding, or skill, by study, instruction, or experience.

Learning Theories Learning To gain knowledge, understanding, or skill, by study, instruction, or experience.
HOW DO WE LEARN? Conditioning –process of learning associations  Classical conditioning- we learn to associate two stimuli and anticipate events. In classical.

HOW DO WE LEARN? Conditioning –process of learning associations  Classical conditioning- we learn to associate two stimuli and anticipate events. In classical.
Classical Conditioning

Classical Conditioning
Learning. LEARNING  Learning  relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience.

Learning. LEARNING  Learning  relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience.
Learning Review Flashcards for Terms on the Test.

Learning Review Flashcards for Terms on the Test.
Learning. A. Introduction to learning 1. Why do psychologists care about learning? 2. What is and isn’t learning? IS: A relatively permanent change in.

Learning. A. Introduction to learning 1. Why do psychologists care about learning? 2. What is and isn’t learning? IS: A relatively permanent change in.
LEARNING. How do we learn? Most learning is associative learning Learning that certain events occur together. Learning is a relatively permanent change.

LEARNING. How do we learn? Most learning is associative learning Learning that certain events occur together. Learning is a relatively permanent change.
Chapter 5 Learning. chapter 5 What is Learning? Occurs whenever experience or practice results in a relatively permanent change in behavior.

Chapter 5 Learning. chapter 5 What is Learning? Occurs whenever experience or practice results in a relatively permanent change in behavior.

Similar presentations

Ads by Google