1. Astronomy
Earth and Space

2. Big Bang Theory
theory that the universe formed in an instant, billions of yrs. ago, in an enormous explosion

4. Edwin Hubble Hubble discovered that galaxies are moving away
from us and each other.
He discovered the relationship between distance to a galaxy and its speed.

5. Hubble’s Law
The farther away a galaxy is, the faster it is moving away from us.

6. Hubble’s Revolution Video

7. How does rising raisin bread dough resemble the expanding universe?
The galaxies in the universe are like the raisins in rising bread dough.
How does rising raisin bread dough resemble the expanding universe?

8. This is leftover thermal radiation from the Big Bang.
Proof of Hubble’s Law
Cosmic Background Radiation – faint radiation glow that comes from all directions in space
This is leftover thermal radiation from the Big Bang.

9. Once the universe was formed, individual bodies formed in space and began to move in relation to each other…
Kepler’s Law
Planets are orbiting the Sun in the path of an ellipse.
LAW OF ELLIPSES

10. Kepler’s Law
Planets move faster when they are closer to the sun and slower when they are farther away.

11. Kepler’s Law
The farther away a planet is the longer it takes to go around the sun.

12. Rotation vs Revolution
How many days does it take for the Earth to spin on its axis
Rotation (spin) = 24 hrs
How many days does it take for the Earth to orbit the sun?
Revolution (orbit) = 365 days

13. Astronomy Booklet Work Time!
30 minutes

14. The Electromagnetic Spectrum
The entire range of wavelengths or frequencies of electromagnetic radiation extending from Gamma Rays to the longest Radio Waves.
Includes Visible Light.

16. What is the Electromagnetic Spectrum?

17. What can we use visible light for??
We use the visible light spectrum to help us determine what direction things are moving in SPACE!

18. RED SHIFT
When an object is moving AWAY, the light is shifted to the RED end of the spectrum.
The wavelength gets longer.

19. BLUE SHIFT
When an object is moving CLOSER, the light is shifted to the BLUE end of the spectrum.
The wavelength gets shorter.

20. Red Shift and Blue Shift
STOP!!

23. Pass out handout on energy transfer – read in pairs
Youtube: How the Sun Heats the Earth

24. Types of Heat Transfer
Conduction – Direct contact between two materials
Ex. Stove and pot
Convection – Interaction of molecules
Usually fluids or gases
Radiation – movement of heat waves.
This is how we get heat from the sun.

27. Why do we have seasons?
The Earth is tilted on its axis at a 23.5o angle.
The Earth’s poles are either tilted AWAY from the sun or TOWARD the sun.

28. Why do we have seasons? When the sun’s energy is spread over
a larger area, the heat must be dispersed.
When the sun’s energy heat is more concentrated, that area will become hotter.
Use flashlight and globe to demonstrate

29. Important Dates to know
SOLSTICE
Winter Solstice – December 21st.
Shortest day of the year
Summer Solstice – June 21st
Longest day of the year
EQUINOX
Fall (Autumnal) Equinox – September 21st.
Equal amounts of
day and night
Spring (Vernal) Equinox – March 21st.
Equal amounts of day and night
Pass out seasons worksheet for students to fill in

30. Winter Solstice
December 21st

31. Vernal Equinox
March 21st
Winter Solstice
December 21st

32. Vernal Equinox
March 21st
Summer Solstice
June 21st
Winter Solstice
December 21st

33. Vernal Equinox
March 21st
Summer Solstice
June 21st
Winter Solstice
December 21st
Autumnal Equinox
September 21st

34. Phases of the Moon Waxing = getting bigger Waning = getting smaller
Crescent = < half lit
Gibbous = > half lit
1/4 (First/Third) = half lit

35. P H A S E O F T H E M O N
STOP and do yellow and black phases of the moon power point

36. Spectroscope Lab
Due by the end of the period!!

38. Tides – Spring Tide
A Spring Tide occurs when the moon is either full or new.
The gravitational pull of the moon and sun are combined to make high tide even higher and low tide even lower.

39. Tides – Neap Tide
A Neap Tide occurs when the moon is in its quarter phases. The moon, Earth, and sun for a right angle.
There is a smaller difference between high tide and low tide.

40. Graph of Spring Tide vs. Neap Tide

41. Eclipses – Lunar Eclipse
When a Full Moon is being blocked by the Earth.

42. Eclipses – Solar Eclipse
When a New Moon is being blocked by the sun.