2. The Immune System

3. Adaptive Immune Response

4. CNS Immunology

5. Cancer Vaccines in GBM

6. DCVax®-L for Newly Diagnosed GBM

7. ICT-107 With Maintenance Temozolomide

8. Anti-EGFRvIII Vaccine

9. Heat Shock Protein (HSP) Vaccines

10. Tumor Immunology Cycle

11. Cancer Is Highly Immunosuppressive

12. Malignant Glioma Is Highly Immunosuppressive

13. FDA Approval for Immunotherapy

14. T-Cell Biology

15. Ipilimumab: The First Immunotherapy Agent to Show a Survival Benefit in a Clinical Trial

16. Radiographic Responses With Anti-PD1 Monoclonal Antibody Nivolumab

17. CTLA-4 Blockade in Mouse Glioma

18. Combination Approaches Anti-CTLA-4 and Anti-PD-1 Synergy

19. Treatment of Recurrent GBM Patients with Nivolumab

20. Rationale for Combinatorial Radiation and Immunotherapy

21. Adverse Effects from Checkpoint Inhibitors

22. Case Reports and PD-L1 Expression

23. Acquired Resistance to PD-1 Blockade

24. CAR T Cells

25. Conclusion

26. Abbreviations

27. Abbreviations (cont)