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Week 3: Paradigms of Science
PHILOSOPHY of SCIENCE Week 3: Paradigms of Science
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PARADIGM PARADIGM STRUCTURE Theory Facts OBJECTS
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Isaac Newton’s Paradigmatic Revolution
Aristotelian Matter Space Time Cause Newtonian Hylomorphism Atomism Finite spherical Infinite Cyclic, circular Infinite, linear 4 organic causes 1 mechanical cause
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Paradigms of Science (implicit philosophical bases of science)
Ontological Paradigms Epistemological Paradigms Axiological Paradigms ICAS Jakarta 2003 4
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Ontological Paradigms
Materialism Atomism Mechanism ICAS Jakarta 2003 5
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Ontological Paradigm 1 Materialism
The objects of science are pieces of matter Matter is the ultimate reality Mind is a material property ICAS Jakarta 2003 6
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Ontological Paradigm 2 Atomism
The objects of science are the sum of parts The property of material objects is determined by the interactions of parts There are smallest parts of matter ICAS Jakarta 2003 7
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Ontological Paradigm 3 Mechanism
The world is a great machine The parts of the world are machines To explain the world, find its mechanisms ICAS Jakarta 2003 8
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Epistemological Paradigms
Rationalism Empiricism Reductionism ICAS Jakarta 2003 9
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Epistemological Paradigm 1 Rationalism
The universe has a rational order Science find natural laws rationally Science uses Logics and Mathematics ICAS Jakarta 2003 10
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Epistemological Paradigm 2 Empiricism
The source of scientific knowledge is in the senses Instruments are the extensions of senses and muscles ICAS Jakarta 2003 11
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Epistemological Paradigm 3 Reductionism
The whole is the sum of the parts The property of the whole is only caused by the interaction of the parts All systems reduced to machines 12
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Axiological Paradigm Neutralism Humanism Individualism 13
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Axiological Paradigm 1 Neutralism
Science is about facts not values Science is value-free Science is neutral ICAS Jakarta 2003 14
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Axiological Paradigm 2 Humanism
Science is human knowledge Science is the highest knowledge Science is for human welfare ICAS Jakarta 2003 15
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Axiological Paradigm 3 Individualism
Science is atomistic Individual is the atom of society The ultimate goal of science is the happiness of the individuals ICAS Jakarta 2003 16
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EPISTEMOLOGICAL PARADIGM
PARADIGM OF SCIENCE AXIOLOGICAL PARADIGM Neutralism Humanism Individualism TEORI EPISTEMOLOGICAL PARADIGM Rationalism Empiricism FAKTA Reductionism ONTOLOGICAL PARADIGM Materialism Mechanism Atomism
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