1. Lipids
Packet #10
Chapter #5

2. Introduction Contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
Does not contain as many oxygen molecules as carbohydrates
Formed via a condensation reaction and broken apart via hydrolysis
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3. Functions of Lipids Energy Storage Structural Support Insulation
Fats are stored for future energy use
Structural Support
Phospholipids
Critical component of the cell membrane
Insulation
Especially useful where hair and feathers are of little use
Example
Underwater
Blubber in whales
Waterproofing
Waxes
Leaf cuticles are made of waxes
Secreted from sebaceous glands of the skin
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4. Components of Lipids Lipids are composed of two parts Glycerol
Head
Hydrophilic
Fatty acids
Tail
Hydrophobic
Some lipids have one of the fatty acids replaced by phosphoric acid
These are called phospholipids
Very important component of the cell membrane
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5. Glycerol
A syrupy, sweet, colorless or yellowish liquid, C3H8O3, obtained from fats and oils as a byproduct of saponification
Glycerol is used as a solvent, an antifreeze, a plasticizer, a sweetener
Glycerol is used in the production of dynamite, cosmetics, liquid soaps, inks, and lubricants.
A reaction in which an ester is heated with an alkali, such as sodium hydroxide, producing a free alcohol and an acid salt, especially alkaline hydrolysis of a fat or oil to make soap.

6. Fatty Acid Tails
Chain of carbon and hydrogen joined together.

7. Lipids II Lipids can be categorized as fats or oils.
Solid at room temperature
Oils
Liquid at room temperature
Saturated Fats vs. Unsaturated Fats
Saturated
A molecule that has only single bonds
Found largely in animals
Unsaturated
A molecule that has one or more multiple bonds
Largely comes from plants
Better for one’s health because the ”kinks” prevent the fat molecules from packing closely together.
Helping reduce heart disease
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8. Kinks

9. Phospholipids

10. Phospholipids Found at the surface of cells Four main components
Glycerol
Fatty acids
PO4 {Phosphate/Phosphate Group}
Organic molecule
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11. Phospholipid Bilayer
Phospholipid bilayer is a series of phospholipids that are found at the surface of cells and helps make up the cell membrane.

12. Phospholipid Bi-Layer