1. Introduction to Internet, WWW, and Web browsers

2. Internet and World Wide Web1
Internet and World Wide Web

3. Internet and World Wide Web (WWW)
What is Internet?
Internet is a short form of the technical term internetwork.
Internet is composed of collection of networks connecting millions of computers together.
Internet consists of hardware and software infrastructure that enables computers to communicate and exchange information.
Internet is not controlled or owned by a single authority or organization.
Different organizations, companies, governments, universities, and service providers control different parts of the Internet by managing their own networks.
A number of organizations maintains and sets the policies and protocols that defines how the Internet is used. Some of these organizations are
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)
 Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
National Science Foundation (NFS)

4. Internet

5. Internet Many different services runs on the Internet
World Wide Web
Instant messaging services (MSN Live, yahoo messengers)
File sharing and transfer services (FTP, bittorrent)
Internet and the WWW are not the same.
WWW is a services that is built on top of the Internet.
The Web is just one way to exchange information on the Internet.
The Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) provides the ability for the machines and networks to communicate.
Enables the different services to exchange information.

6. World Wide Web (WWW) What is WWW or Web? The Web
An information sharing model that provides the means for sharing and accessing, of information on the internet (information system).
The Web
Consists of hypertext documents (web pages) that can contain text, images, videos, and hyperlinks which allows navigation between the documents.
Uses Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) to exchange information.
Web pages are created using markup languages HTML or XHML.
Today, complex web sites utilize a set of different technologies to create its web pages like HTML or XHTML, CSS, javascripts, PHP, perl, ASP.NET, jsp, …
Users access web pages using clients called “Web browsers” (IE, Firefox, Chrome, Safari, Opera).

7. History of the Internet and World Wide Web
The Internet began as project in the late 1960’s by ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency of DOD) to create a communications network.
 In the 1969 ARPAnet was created, connecting four western universities.
Later new connections were soon added to the network, bringing the number of machines up to 23 in 1971, 111 in 1977.
In 2012, it is estimated that 8.7 Billion devices are connected to the internet.

8. History of the Internet and World Wide Web
ARPA’s goals
Allow multiple users to send and receive info at same time
Network operated packet switching technique
Digital data sent in small packages called packets
Packets contained data, address info, error-control info and sequencing info
Greatly reduced transmission costs of dedicated communications lines
Network designed to be operated without centralized control
If portion of network fails, remaining portions still able to route packets

9. History of the Internet and World Wide Web
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
Name of protocols for communicating over ARPAnet.
Ensured that messages were properly routed and that they arrived intact.
Organizations implemented own networks
Used both for intra-organization and communication.

10. History of the Internet and World Wide Web
Huge variety of networking hardware and software appeared
ARPA achieved inter-communication between all platforms with development of the IP
Internetworking Protocol
Current architecture of Internet
Combined set of protocols called TCP/IP
The Internet
Limited to universities and research institutions
Military became big user
Next, government decided to access Internet for commercial purposes

11. History of the Internet and World Wide Web
Internet traffic grew
Businesses spent heavily to improve Internet
Better service their clients
In 1989, Tim Berners-Lee invents Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML)
Also writes communication protocols to form the backbone new information system = World Wide Web
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)—a communications protocol used to send information over the web
Web use exploded with availability in 1993 of the Mosaic browser
Marc Andreessen founds Netscape
Company many credit with initiating the explosive Internet of late 1990s.

12. World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
W3C Founded in 1994 by Tim Berners-Lee
Homepage at
Goals
Internet universally accessible
Standardization
W3C Recommendations:
Technologies standardized by W3C include
XHTML, CSS, HTML (now considered a “legacy” technology), and XML.
Not an actual software product, but a document that specifies a technology’s role, syntax rules and so forth.

13. Web 2.0
2003 noticeable shift in how people and businesses were using the web and developing web-based applications
The term Web 2.0 was coined by Dale Dougherty of O’Reilly
Web 2.0 definition = companies use the web as a platform to create collaborative, community-based sites (e.g., social networking sites, blogs, wikis, etc.).
Web 2.0 is focused on the ability for people to collaborate, share information , and create Web-based communities.
Web 2.0 is dynamic.
Web 1.0 (1990s and early 2000s) focused on a small number of companies and advertisers producing content for users to access.
contains static HTML pages.
Websites like MySpace , Facebook , Flickr , YouTube, eBay and Wikipedia , users create the content, companies provide the platforms.

14. Full Stack Web Development
ISC340
ISC440

15. Full Stack Web Development

16. Web Browser Basics: Internet Explorer and Firefox2
Web Browser Basics: Internet Explorer and Firefox

17. Introduction to the Internet Explorer 7 and Firefox 2 Web Browsers
Software programs that access web’s rich content
www portion of the Internet
hyperlinked documents written in HTML & XHTML and rich media
Popular web browsers
Microsoft’s Internet Explorer (IE)
Mozilla’s Firefox (FF)
Apple’s Safari
Opera Software’s Opera
Google’s Chrome
Examples in the book are for both IE7 and FF2

18. Connecting to the Internet
Computer + web browser software + ISP = Internet access
Computer must have modem or network card
Modem - hardware that converts data to audio tones and transmits the data over phone lines
Network card or network interface card (NIC) - hardware that allows a computer to connect to the Internet through a network or a high-speed Internet connection.
Internet Service Provider (ISP) - connects computers to the Internet
Popular commercial ISPs in Kuwait are Quality net, Fasttelco

19. Internet Explorer 7 and Firefox 2 Features
Web browser
Software that allows the user to view certain types of Internet files in an interactive environment
URL (Uniform Resource Locator)
Each web page on the Internet has unique URL
Usually begin with http­:// or
Hyperlinks
Visual elements on web pages that when clicked, load a specified web document
Images and text
Can reference other web pages, addresses, files and more
Download files
Tabbed Browsing
Allows the user to browse multiple pages without many windows
Page Organization
Using the History Feature
List of previously visited URLs in chronological order

20. Internet Explorer 7 and Firefox 2 Features
AutoComplete
URLs from the history can be displayed in a drop-down list when a user types a URL into the Address bar
Off-Line Browsing
Web pages can be saved directly to the computer’s hard drive for off-line browsing
Not connected to the Internet
Downloads
Files from the Internet may be copied to a computer’s hard drive
Viewing Source Code
Understand how the programmer created the page
Learn how to develop your own pages

21. Fig. 2.1 | Deitel website in Internet Explorer 7.

22. Fig. 2.2 | Deitel website in Firefox 2.

23. Fig. 2.3 | The History menu in Internet Explorer 7.

24. Fig. 2.4 | The History menu in Firefox 2.

25. Fig. 2.5 | AutoComplete suggests possible URLs when given a partial address.

26. Fig. 2.6 | Saving a picture from a website.

27. Customizing Browser Settings
Determine how sites are displayed
How security measures are applied
How outputs are rendered
Privacy settings for IE7 and FF2 can be set under the Privacy tab. In IE7 there are six levels of privacy
Many levels lenient to strict
Security options
Specify how much information you want to hide from unfamiliar sites
How much of the site’s content will be blocked from a computer
Personal home page
Web page that loads when the browser is first opened
History options
Web page cache
Previously viewed sites

28. Fig. 2.7 | Internet Options in Internet Explorer 7.

29. Fig. 2.8 | Options in Firefox 2.

30. Searching the Internet
Internet is wealth of information
Search engines help locate more specific information on a given topic
Google (
Yahoo! (
Microsoft (
MSN (
Ask.com (
Use databases that facilitate quick information retrieval
Metasearch engines (do not maintain databases)
Send the search criteria to other search engines and aggregate the
MetaCrawler (
Search engines are good tools for finding information (i.e., can help resolve programming errors)

31. Fig. 2.9 | Searching the Internet with Internet Explorer 7.

32. Fig. 2.10 | Searching the Internet with Firefox 2.

33. Keeping Track of Your Favorite Sites
Organize and track Web browsing history (URL and title)
Bookmarking
IE7 - Favorites menu’s
Favorites can be categorized and grouped into folders
FF2 – Bookmark This Page... option
Most browsers have their own version of Favorites or Bookmarks.

34. Fig. 2.11 | The Favorites menu helps organize frequently visited websites in Internet Explorer 7.

35. Fig. 2.12 | The Bookmarks menu helps organize frequently visited websites in Firefox 2.

36. Online Help Built-in help features for browsers
Answers to frequently asked questions about using browsers such as FF2 and IE7
Contents and Index menu item in IE7
Help Contents in FF2

37. Fig. 2.14 | Internet Explorer 7 Help dialog.

38. Fig. 2.15 | Firefox 2 Help dialog.

39. Other Web Browsers
All browsers differ in functionality, performance and features.
Use different HTML layout engines (determine how a web page displays in a browser).
Different browser functionality and features makes cross-browser compatibility difficult to achieve.