1. Database Basics
An Overview

2. Spreadsheets Last Name/Department First Name Phone Title Department
Mail Stop
ABE
North -
Adult Basic Education
32407C
Bently
Instructor
Anthropology
33361A
Central
23122
South
4Sr001
ABLE NETWORK
CENTRAL
SVI345
ABTS
Betsy
Assistant Registrar
ADMISSIONS/REGISTRATION
2449A
ACADEMIC CENTER
SOUTH
4SR001
ACCOUNTING
23176
DISTRICT
1BO100
ACCOUNTING - COLLEGE TRANSFER
21142

3. Four Problems Redundancy— repeated data—
the need to make a change in more than one place
Inconsistent updates –
Inconsistent entry
Partial data

4. Relational Databases
The relational model was designed to solve problems with earlier models, particularly in the areas of flexibility and redundancy
The original model was proposed by a man named Codd, a mathematician who worked for IBM
It has the advantages of flexibility, reliability, and low redundancy and good data integrity
It has disadvantages of complexity and performance speed

5. Elements of a Relational Database
Table—a two dimensional structure consisting of rows and columns (in technical books called a ‘Relation’)
Row—a portion of a table containing data that describes one entity, relationship or object (also called ‘record’ or ‘tuple’)
Field --or column of a table also called an ‘attribute’

6. Tables and Relationships
Columns
Primary key
Rows
Foreign Key

7. Database Management Systems
A Database Management System Manages one or several databases
The functions of a DBMS are
Create databases and database objects
Create supporting structures Read and update Database tables
Maintain Database structures
Enforce rules
Control concurrency
Provide security and backup

8. The Major DBMSs
Access
SQL Server
Oracle
DB2
MySQL

9. SQL
Structured query language is the language used to create and describe all the structures in a Relational database.
It implements inserting, updating and Deleting data

10. Applications
Database Applications use a programming language, a database API such as ODBC or OLEDB, and embedded SQL to create applications that manipulate database data.

11. Application/DBMS/Database
Simple diagram
Application
DBMS
Database

12. XML Increasingly, XML is used as a format for Data Transformation
XML is DBMS, Application and OS independent
As text it can pass safely through firewalls

13. Web Application Approaches
DBI (with PERL)
JDBC—Java Database connectivity
ASP--Active Server Pages
ASP.NET

14. Building a Database System
Requirements
Design
Implementation
Determine the application requirements
Build Data Models
Create Tables Relationships Indexes Other Structures
Create database structures
Populate with data
Build and test applications