1. Sea Scout Ship SouthWinds 100
Apprentice 7
Boat Handling
Apprentice 7a, 7b, and 7c*
* Requires additional hands-on demonstration

2. Boat Handling – Apprentice
Apprentice rank requirements:
Principal parts of a boat
Sailboat characteristics
Heaving a line

3. Principal Parts Requirement: Apprentice 7a.
Name the principal parts of a typical sailboat & a runabout.

4. Principal Parts – Universal
All boats have 4 sides & 2 relative directions.
PORT
BOW
STERN
STARBOARD
Fore
Aft

5. Principal Parts – Universal
All boats have 4 sides & 2 relative directions.
BOW
PORT
Fore
Aft
STERN
STARBOARD

6. Principal Parts – Universal
Much derived from ancient sailing days:
Starboard –
Norwegian rudder was a “st jorn” (pronounced starn).
St jorn board was on right side of vessel – facing front.
Right side of vessel became “starboard.”
Port –
Left side of vessel was next to dock or port – facing front.
The loading board was on the left side.
“Load board” became “larboard.”
“Larboard” & starboard sounded too much alike.
So “larboard” was changed to “port.”

7. Principal Parts – Hull Hull – the boat’s main body or outer shell.
Freeboard – the distance between the waterline & the main deck.
Draft – the depth of a hull from the waterline to the lowest part of the keel, rudder or prop.

8. Hull – Types
Displacement – buoyancy achieved by displacing a volume of water equal to the vessel’s weight.
Planing – as speed increases, hydrodynamic lift increases & the vessel rises out of the water, thus decreasing the displacement volume & increasing speed.
Semi-displacement – combination displacement & planing hull.

9. Hull – Shapes
Flat bottom
V-bottom
Round bottom
Multi-hull

10. Principal Parts – Keel
Keel – the backbone of all boats; the basic support extending from bow to stern:
Reduces leeway – downwind or sideways drift of vessel.
Lowers center of gravity – increases stability.

11. Keel – Types on a Sailboat
Fixed keel – has no moving parts.
Swing keel – weighted keel can be partially retracted.
Centerboard – pivots around a pin; can be fully raised or lowered.
Daggerboard – slides up & down in trunk instead of pivoting.

12. Sailboat – Characteristics
Requirement: Apprentice 7b.
Describe the identifying characteristics of a:
Sloop,
Ketch,
Yawl,
Cutter &
Schooner.

13. Sailboats – Sloop A sloop is a single-masted sailboat.
Has a mainsail & a foresail.
Referred to as a Marconi-rigged (or Bermuda) sloop, the purest type of sailboat, it’s widely re- garded as the most efficient rig when sailing to windward.
Can also fly a spinnaker or gennaker.

14. Sailboats – Cutter
Like sloops, a cutter is also a single-masted sailboat, but with the mast set further aft.
Has a mainsail, a foresail & an additional sail (staysail) set on its own stay between the foresail & the mainsail (inner stay).
The forestay (shown here) may be set on a bowsprit.

15. Sailboats – Ketch A ketch has 2 masts: Mainmast (forward).
Shorter mizzen mast aft (forward of rudder post).
Has a mizzen sail, mainsail & a foresail.
May also sport a staysail, with or without a bowsprit, in which case it may be called a cutter-rigged ketch.

16. Sailboats – Yawl Like ketches, a yawl has 2 masts: Mainmast (forward).
Shorter mizzen mast aft (aft of rudder post).
Has a mizzen sail, mainsail & a foresail.
A yawl may also include a staysail, with or without a bowsprit, in which case it may be called a cutter-rigged yawl.

17. Sailboats – Schooner
A schooner has 2 or more masts, in which the aft-most mast (mainmast) is the same height or taller than the foremost mast.
The one shown here is a gaff cutter rigged, with a topsail set on the mainmast (Note: a gaff is simply a boom set at the top of a sail.)

18. Sailboat – Characteristics
SINGLE MAST
Sloop
Cutter
MULTI-MASTS
Ketch
Yawl
Schooner

19. Boat Handling – Heaving Line
Requirement: Apprentice 7c.
Demonstrate the ability to use a heaving line.

20. Heaving Line Use a line longer than the distance be thrown.
Coil carefully & evenly with the draw toward the free end.
Hold the shipboard end of the line in one hand & the coil to be thrown in the other.
Throw underhanded with a strong, swinging motion.
Release the line when it is above the shoulders.
Aim at the shoulders of the receiver.
Add a weight, as necessary.

21. Questions?