1. Latin 1 Mr. zboril | Milford PEP
Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation
Mr. zboril | Milford PEP

2. Chapter 4 First Declension Nouns
I am still happy you are in my class. You are important to me – don’t ever think otherwise!

3. Homework Issues
If the English or Latin is asking a question, be sure to place a question mark at the end. Cantābimusne? : Will we sing? Will we be singing? Nōn portābatne? : Was she not carrying?
Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation

4. Chapter 4 First Declension Nouns
A noun is person, place, thing, or idea. The Chapter 4 Vocabulary on Page 19 lists a dozen nouns. Some are… rēgīna, rēgīnae, f.: queen agricola, agricolae, m.: farmer terra, terrae, f.: earth, land nauta, nautae, m.: sailor
Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation

5. Chapter 4 First Declension Nouns
Your Latin Dictionary contains three pieces of information for every noun:
agricola, agricolae, m.: farmer
The first form or nominative singular
This is used to list words in a dictionary
The second form or genitive singular
This is used to find the noun stem and to determine which declension (or noun family) the noun belongs.
The gender : masculine, feminine, or neuter.
Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation

6. Chapter 4 First Declension Nouns
Verbs are divided into conjugations. A conjugation can be recognized by the 2nd Principal Part.
Nouns are divided into declensions. Latin has five noun declensions. Declensions can be recognized by the genitive case singular – the second form personal endings.
agricola, agricolae, m.: farmer
nauta, nautae, f.: sailor
puella, puellae, f.: girl
THE SECOND FORM (GENITIVE SINGULAR) OF ALL FIRST DECLENSION NOUNS ENDS IN –AE
Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation

7. Chapter 4 Genders
In English, the gender of a noun is determined by: Female things are feminine Masculine things are masculine Something neither male or female is neuter In Latin, this is sometimes the case, however a noun’s gender does not necessarily reflect the gender of the object it describes. If an object has neither gender (e.g. table, tree, town) Latin may classify it as any of the genders.
Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation

8. Chapter 4 1st Declension Noun Gender & PAIN
Most nouns of the 1st Declension are feminine. There are a few nouns that are masculine. The best way to remember them is by the acronym PAIN. Poēta – poet OR Pirata - pirate Agricola – farmer Incola – settler Nauta – sailor
Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation

9. Chapter 4 First Declension Noun Stems
Exercise 2 on pg. 20 asks you to identify the stem for each of the nouns in the vocabulary. Remember how we found the stem of a verb? We took the 2nd Principal Part and removed the –re. arō, arāre, arāvī, arātum : to plow arāre → -re = arā To find the stem of a noun, take the genitive singular and remove the –ae. fēmina, fēminae, f. fēminae → fēmin -ae = fēmin
Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation

10. Chapter 4 First Declension Noun Stems
To find the stem of a noun, take the genitive singular and remove the –ae. fēmina, fēminae, f. fēminae → fēmin -ae = fēmin incola, incolae, m. incolaē → incolae -ae = incol Now, with the stem, we add the case endings and decline the noun.
Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation

11. 1st Declension Case Endings
stem: femin/ae
Case
Singular
Plural
Nominative
fēmin-a
fēmin-ae
subject, predicate
the woman
the women
Genitive
fēmin-ārum
possession
of the woman
of the women
Dative
fēmim-īs
indirect object
to / for the woman
to / for the women
Accusative
fēmin-am
fēmin-ās
direct object
Ablative
fēmin-ā
object preposition
by/with/from the woman
by/with/from the women
Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation

12. 1st Declension Case Endings
stem: femin/ae
Case
Singular
Plural
Nominative
fēmina
fēminae
subject, predicate
the woman
the women
Genitive
fēminārum
possession
of the woman
of the women
Dative
fēmimīs
indirect object
to / for the woman
to / for the women
Accusative
fēminam
fēminās
direct object
Ablative
fēminā
object preposition
by/with/from the woman
by/with/from the women
Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation

13. 1st Declension Case Endings
stem: naut/ae
Case
Singular
Plural
Nominative
nauta
nautae
subject, predicate
the sailor
Genitive
nautārum
possession
of the sailor
of the sailors
Dative
nautīs
indirect object
to / for the sailor
Accusative
nautam
nautās
direct object
Ablative
nautā
object preposition
by/with/from the sailor
Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation

14. Chapter 4 Nominative Case
The nominative case is the naming case. It is the standard form used to list Latin words in the dictionary. More importantly, it is the case that ‘names’ the subject of the sentence. Graecia Troiam oppugnat. Greece attacks Troy. Quis Troiam oppugnat? Graecia. Greece is the subject → ‘Graceia’ is nominative case. Troy is the direct object → Troiam is the accusative case.
Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation

15. Chapter 4 Nominative Case
What is the subject in the following sentences?
Agricola ad Trōiam ambulabit.
Agricola
Incolae reginam rogant.
Incolae
Carolina et Ethanius Greciam oppugnabant.
Carolina et Ethanius
Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation

16. Chapter 4 Predicate Nominative
In addition to identifying the subject of a sentence, the nominative case is also used to identify the predicate noun or adjective.
A predicate nominative is a noun or adjective that renames the subject. Generally predicate nominatives follow linking verbs such as est (is) or sunt (are).

17. Chapter 4 Predicate Nominative
Helena est rēgīna. Helena is a queen. Quis est Helena? Est rēgīna. Who is Helena? She is a queen. What case ending is Helena? What case ending is rēgina? They are both nominative. Rēgina (queen) is not receiving any action. It is simply defining the subject, Helena.
Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation

18. Chapter 4 Nominative Case
Helena est rēgīna. Helena is a queen. Quis est Helena? Est rēgīna. Who is Helena? She is a queen. What case ending is Helena? What case ending is rēgina? They are both nominative. Rēgina is a predicate nominative.
Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation

19. Chapter 4 Nominative Case
Helena est pulchra. Helen is beautiful. Again, notice both the subject and predicate share the same ending! Pulchra is a predicate adjective. It is describing the subject. They will both use the nominative case.
Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation

20. I can stay afterwards for extra help
Instructor Contact Information
cell:
Class Time
2pm Tues & Thurs
I can stay afterwards for extra help
Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation