1. Chapter 14: A New Industrial Age

2. Natural Resources:
OIL: oil industries began in Cleveland and Pittsburgh, led to gas
COAL: Production increased 8 times as much in 30 years.
IRON: Began to make steel with iron- used for railroads, farm tools, bridges, buildings
Produced Steel

3. New Inventions
-Thomas Edison – created 1st research lab- invented light bulbs, power plants for electricity
1867- Christopher Sholes invented type writer
1876- Alexander Graham Bell invented telephone
1890- electricity ran machines, streetcars
POSITIVE EFFECTS: employees worked faster, citizens enjoyed new products

4. Section 2: An Age of Railroads
st Transcontinental Railroad completed
,000 miles of rail lines connect in U.S.
CONS: Railroads difficult and dangerous to work on, difficult to schedule: time zones created: Eastern, Mountain, Central, Pacific
PROS: Linked different regions in U.S. new towns, traveling faster, industries and trade increased

6. Upset Farmers Farmers Upset Wanted land to go to farming
High prices to trade using trains
Munn v. Illinois (1877)- government regulate private industries to protect public interest
Interstate Commerce Act- government power over railroads

7. Section 3: Big Business and Labor
Andrew Carnegie- tried to control whole steel industry (2 ways)
Vertical Integration: company buys out suppliers
Horizontal Integration: companies merge if produce similar products
Social Darwinism: theory that only strong survive

8. Labor Unions and Movements
Entrepreneurs: monopolize competition
- Sherman Antitrust Act- illegal to form trusts
Workers formed unions
NLU (National Labor Union)- legalize 8 hour day
CNLU (Colored National Labor Union)
AFL( American Federation of Labor)
IWW ( Industrial Workers of the World)

9. Workers Tools Strikes: improve conditions, many violent
Haymarket Affair (1886)- bomb exploded in workers strike, killed many
Pullman Company- U.S. troops called in to stop violence
Unions continued to grow despite pressure of government action

12. Robber Barons
Robber Barons- those who would monopolize their market; typically unfairly.
Gospel of Wealth- Donate to causes that would help people.

13. 20 points Robber Barons Monopoly Worth Andrew Carnegie Marshall Field
Marshall Field
Leland Stanford
James Duke
J.P. Morgan
Cornelius Vanderbilt
John D. Rockefeller

14. Andrew Carnegie Andrew Carnegie Born in Scotland Came to the US
Owned the US Steel Company
Believed in Gospel of Wealth
Created Carnegie Hall, donated to colleges, and libraries
1901 for $480 million (the equivalent of approximately $13.5 billion in 2012)

15. Marshall Field Worked in a dry goods store. Moved to Chicago in 1856.
1881 opened Marshall Field’s
When he died he would have been worth $66 billion dollars today.

16. Leland Stanford Senator from California
Decided to get involved in the transcontinental railroad
Made so much money that he donated to a university.
Stanford University now has his name.

17. James B. Duke Lived in North Carolina
Had a monopoly on cigarettes in which they were rolled.
Worth $85.1 billion in today’s standards
Donated millions to Trinity University
Became known as Duke University in his honor.

18. J.P. Morgan Bought US Steel from Andrew Carnegie
Also was very big into banking
Father would cheat him every time he could; so his son would learn.
Would loan millions to the government and make millions on interest

19. Cornelius Vanderbilt Was nicknamed the Commodore
Made initial money on boats and shipping.
Later moved to Railroads
Ranked as the second richest man of all time.
Built Vanderbilt University in Nashville, TE
Worth $310 billion when he died.

20. John D. Rockefeller Co-founder of the Standard Oil Company
Spent 40 years in retirement
Known as the Richest man that has ever lived.
When he died he was worth $340 Billion in today’s terms.
Donated millions to schools and city of New York and Chicago

21. Biltmore Located in Asheville, North Carolina
Took six years to be built
Had its own railroad to bring bricks up to the estate
Has over 250 rooms
Had over 10,000 books in its own library
65 fire places
First indoor pool, bowling alley, and fitness room
Featured its own locker rooms for the pool and fitness room.
Was in the movies like Richie Rich
Used as a summer home

22. The Biltmore

23. Biltmore

24. Biltmore

25. Dining Hall

26. Mr. Vanderbilt’s Room

27. Mrs. Vanderbilt’s Room

28. Fitness Room

29. Kitchen

30. Library

31. Library

32. Servant’s Rooms

33. Indoor Pool