1. Expansion of Industry

2. Technology Transcontinental Railroad East and West meet
Promontory Point, Utah
Solved East/West transportation issues

3. Communication
Telegraph
Telephone

4. Bessemer Process Made it cheaper to remove impurities from iron
Made mass production of steel possible

5. Electricity Edison invented the light bulb
Westinghouse develops the alternating current (AC)

6. Brooklyn Bridge
Suspension design used
Longest in the world

7. Robber Baron Social Darwinism
Based on Darwin’s “survival of the fittest” concept
Society should not get involved in an individual’s drive to be successful

8. Powerful Industrialists
Andrew Carnegie – Steel
J.D. Rockefeller – Oil
J.P. Morgan – Banking
Cornelius Vanderbilt – Railroads
Thomas Edison – Inventions (incandescent light bulb)

9. Robber Barons sought to eliminate the competition and create MONOPOLIES

10. The Sherman Anti-Trust Act
Passed in Congress, 1890
Prevented industries from forming monopolies

11. Effects of Industrial Growth
Contributed to the wealth of America
Caused economic hardships
Manufactured too much
Lowered prices
Lowered wages
Fired workers
“Boom and Bust” period called the “economic cycle”

12. Labor Unions Knights of Labor – First labor union
American Federation of Labor
Founded by Samuel Gompers
Used collective bargaining
Tool used by unions
Negotiate as a group for improvements
Fought for “closed shops”… union members only

13. Strikes Haymarket Strike/Riot Pullman Strike
Riot broke out between strikers and police
Dozens from each side killed
Pullman Strike
Rail worker’s strike spread
Other unions joined
Mail workers joined and the mail stopped
The President had to intervene

14. Eugene V. Debs Socialist Great organizer of labor
Unsuccessfully ran for President several times