1. Industrial Revolution
Spread & the New City

2. I. New Powers
Britain had strict laws against exporting ideas & inventions
Cockerill left & set up a textile factory in Belgium
Other nations quickly caught up: Ger, Fr, US had more resources, Brit was example

3. Bessemer – steel (lighter, stronger) symbol of 2nd IR
many new social changes
By late 1800’s companies hired chemists & engineers to produce new products & machines
Bessemer – steel (lighter, stronger) symbol of 2nd IR
Aspirin, fertilizer, dynamite (Nobel)
Battery (Volta), dynamo (Faraday), light bulbs (Edison)
Assembly line & interchangeable parts
By 1900’s conditions improving, low prices & increasing demand created jobs

4. II. Transportation, Communication & Business
RR being built on larger scale railroad video.asf
Otto invented gasoline powered engine, Benz 1st auto, Daimler 1st 4 wheeled auto
Wright brothers-airplane, Morse-telegraph, Bell-telephone, Marconi-radio

5. owners of companies sold stock (shares)
Corporations formed as thousands of shares are sold, allowing corp. expanded into other areas
Some tried to form monopolies (Rockefeller-oil, Vanderbilt-RR, Carnegie-RR & steel)
Some large corp. joined together to form cartels to fix prices, set quotas, control markets etc.

6. III. New City Less children
Pasteur (germ theory), vaccine for rabies, pasteurization of milk
Edward Jenner (smallpox)
By late 1800’s better hygiene, changed clothes more frequently
Early 1800’s hospital was a death sentence, Nightingale convinced many to clean up hospitals, Lister - antiseptics

7. new city became center of the western world: urban renewal programs that developed entertainment, shopping, offices, gov’t, museums
Rich moved to outskirts of the city, poor remained in inner city close to factories
Skyscrapers, sewers, paving of streets (public works)

8. Dubai 1991

9. Dubai 2007

10. Workers tried to improve harsh conditions: gov’ts & business owners tried to silence them (strikes & unions were illegal)
Mutual aid societies (forerunner to unions)
Working men in western countries gained suffrage by mid 1800’s, standard of living began to rise
Karl Marx
Socialism