1. Chapter 13 Section 1
Industrialization

2. A Revolution in Technology
Introduction
A. Between 1860 and 1900 the U.S.
went from being a rural nation to the
world’s leading industrial power
During the 70 years after the Civil
War over 1.5 million patents were issued
Patent – a grant that gives an
inventor sole right to make, use and
sell an invention for a period of time

3. A Revolution in Technology
The Oil and Steel Industries
A. Samuel Kier- collected oil that oozed
out of ground
1. Turned it into kerosene
Pennsylvania Rock Oil Company –
refined oil into kerosene
1. Kerosene soon offered a cheap
alternative to whale oil for lighting
lamps

4. Whaling
In the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries whales were hunted for their oil which is used in lamps and candle wax
One sperm whale could produce three tons of whale oil
Whaling grew with the development of whale oil candles
Whaling declined after development of other petroleum products. It increased after World War II
Whales were protected in 1985 and their numbers are growing

5. II. The Oil and Steel Industries
1859 – Edwin Drake drilled first
oil well
After “gusher” people flocked
to the area around Titusville PA
2. Oil industry created new jobs

6. II. The Oil and Steel Industries
Steel Industry
1. In 1850’s American William
Kelly and Henry Bessemer, an
Englishman, each discoverer a
way to make steel faster by
blasting air at the molten iron.
Method became known as
Bessemer Process

7. II. The Oil and Steel Industries
Steel Industry
b. Bessemer process
allowed American
steel production to
increase from 2,000
tons of steel to over 7
million tons a year

8. III. A Network of Railroads
At the beginning of the Civil War there were about 35,000 miles of railroad tracks.
By 1900 there were more than
193,000 miles of railroad tracks,
more than all the railroad tracks
in Europe combined

9. III. A Network of Railroads
C. Transcontinental Railroad –
provided the main arteries of trade
for the nation
Building of transcontinental
railroad viewed as a race
two railways
Government provided incentives
to both railways

10. III. Network of Railroads
C. Transcontinental Railroad
2. Government provided incentives for
the two railroads
a. $65 million in loans
b. Land for every mile of track laid
i. In a state – 10 sq miles of land
ii. In territory – 20 sq miles of land
Government eventually gave
20 sq miles in state

11. III. Network of Railroads
C. Transcontinental Railroad
3. Union Pacific started building from
Omaha Nebraska
Central Pacific started building from
Sacramento, California
Central Pacific Railroad relied
heavily on Chinese workers

12. III. Network of Railroads
C. Transcontinental Railroad
4. May 10, 1869 – Two railroads linked at
Promontory Point near the Great Salt
Lake
News of the completion of the railroad
was spread by telegraph

13. III. Network of Railroads
D. Uniting the Country - By 1885 four more railroads crossed the continent
Branch lines reached out from the main
lines to smaller cities
Nation had to standardize time between
areas
C.F. Dowd divided the earth into
24 time zones
United States divided into 4
time zones

14. III. Network of Railroads
D. Uniting the Country
2. Nation had to standardize time between
areas
ii. On November 18, 1883, America
went on railroad time

15. III. Network of Railroads
E. Improving Service on the Railroads
1. Passengers on first transcontinental
railroads faced risk-filled trips
Locomotives would breakdown
b. Brakes would fail
c. Wooden trestles buckled
d. Railcars broke free of train

16. III. Network of Railroads
E. Improving Service on the Railroads
2. Inventors took steps to improve safety
Elijah McCoy, a son of a slave,
invented a device that automatically
lubricated moving parts on a train
Grenville Woods invented air brakes

17. III. Network of Railroads
E. Improving Service on the Railroads
2. Inventors took steps to improve safety
c. Railways used two sets of rails to
allow traffic to go in two
directions
Lights were also used to warn
people of the approach of trains

18. III. Network of Railroads
E. Improving Service on the Railroads
2. In George Mortimer Pullman
developed the Pullman Car that
allowed first class passengers
reclining seats and sleeping spaces

19. Pullman Car

20. IV. The Power to Communicate
The Telegraph – Introduced by Samuel F.B. Morse in Started a communication revolution
1. Morse invented system of dots and
dashes that represented letters
a. Morse Code

21. IV. The Power to Communicate
2. Telegraphs spread across the nation
a – 23,000 miles of telegraph wire
1868 – Telegraph companies joined
together to form Western Union
Telegraph Company
1900 – Western Union owned
933,000 miles of telegraph wire
Companies could now track
shipments and prices nationwide

22. IV. The Power to Communicate
B. The Telephone – March 10, 1876,
Alexander Graham Bell sent a message to his assistant.
1876- “talking telegraph”
exhibited at Centennial
Exhibition
1878 –President Rutherford B.
Hayes puts telephone in White House
– 325,000 telephones in U.S.
ten million telephones in U.S.

23. IV. Power to Communicate
The Typewriter – Christopher A. Sholes
patented the typewriter in 1868
1873 – Sholes sells patent to E.
Remington & Sons
1886 – Remington was producing 1,500
typewriters per year
3. Allowed women to find work in offices

24. V. Inventions Change Lives
Thomas Alva Edison - Set up research lab
in Menlo Park. Promised to produce “a minor invention every ten days and a big one every six months.
1. Patented over 1,000 inventions
2. Called the “Wizard of Menlo Park”

25. V. Inventions Change Lives
Thomas Alva Edison
3. Phonograph – invented 1877
4. Invented first light bulb
Produced first central power plant for
producing and carrying electricity to
homes and offices
1882 – Started Edison Illuminating
company in NY
7. Investment bankers funded new industry