1. What is imperialism?
The seizure (takeover) of a country or territory by a stronger country

2. What is Imperialism? Why do Europeans do this?
Industrialization sparks the need for:
Land perfect for establishing trading and military posts
Natural resources and raw materials
New markets for products

3. What Enabled Imperialism?
Europeans’ technological superiority (including the machine gun)
Improvements in transportation to and within Asian and African colonies
Medical advances, such as Quinine, which protected Europeans from foreign diseases (malaria)
Disunity among ethnic groups in Africa

4. Southeast Asia Power Lands Claimed Major Trade Products Dutch
Java, Sumatra, Borneo, Bali
Oil, Tin, rubber
British
Malaysia, Burma
Tin, Rubber
French
Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia
Rice
Americans
Philippines, Hawaii
Sugar, Bananas, Pineapples

5. Forms of Imperialism FORMS OF IMPERIALISM CHARACTERISTICS Colony
A country or region governed internally by a foreign power
Protectorate
A country with its own internal government but under the control of an outside power
Sphere of Influence
An area in which an outside power claims exclusive trading privileges
Economic Imperialism
Independent but less developed nations controlled by private business interests rather than by other government

6. The Scramble for Africa
Africa Before European Dominion
Divided into hundreds of ethnic groups
Followed tribal beliefs, Islam or Christianity
Nations ranged from large empires to independent villages
Africans controlled their own trade networks
Europeans only had contact on African coasts

7. The Scramble for Africa (cont)
Nations compete for overseas empires
Europeans wanted more land
Contained large amounts of gold, diamonds, and rubber
Africa was a mystery to many
Europeans who penetrated Africa were:
Explorers – seeking wealth and notoriety
Missionaries – trying to convert Africans to Christianity
Humanitarians – “westernize” the “savages”

8. Impact of Imperialism in Africa
NEGATIVE
Loss of land and independence
Men forced to work in European owned mines and on European owned farms
Contempt for traditional culture and admiration of European culture = identity problems
Dividing up of Africa = artificial boundaries divided kinship groups and united rivals
POSITIVE
Local warfare reduced
Improved sanitation
Hospitals led to increased lifespan
Schools led to increased literacy
Economic growth

9. According to this cartoon, which European countries were fighting for a position in Africa?

10. Forces Driving Imperialism
Belief in European superiority
Racism
Social Darwinism
Factors Promoting Imperialism in Africa
European technological superiority
Europeans had means to control
New medicines prevent diseases

11. The Division of Africa The Berlin Conference (1884)
Europeans leaders divide Africa
No African ruler invited
Little or no thought about the complex differences in ethnic groups
By 1914 – Only independent nations
Liberia
Ethiopia

12. Effects of
European
Imperialism
in Africa

13. Europeans Claim Muslim Lands
The Ottoman Empire Loses Power
Empire begins to decline in 1566
Death of Suleyman I
Modernization movements are unsuccessful
Greece and Serbia gain independence
European Powers look to gain Ottoman lands

14. Downfall
of the
Ottoman Empire

15. Crimean War (1853) Crimean War – Russia vs. Ottoman Empire
Russia seeks Ottoman land
Access to a warm-water port
Russia loses war
Ottomans are shown to be weak
Russia still is able to take land

16. Europeans Grab Territory
England gains control of:
India – natural resources
Suez Canal – international trade
Persia – oil and tobacco
Russia gains control of:
Persia – oil, tobacco, & access to Indian Ocean
Afghanistan – oil

17. The
Suez Canal

18. IV. British Imperialism in India
British Expand Control over India
East India Company
Controls India thru economic imperialism
Company uses an army including Indian soldiers known as “sepoys”
India was seen as the most important colony
Due to its production of raw materials
Known as the “Jewel in the Crown”

19. Effects of British Rule
Impact of Colonialism
Railroads move cash crops and goods faster
British control political and economic power
Cash crops resulted in loss of self-sufficiency and caused famine
Indian culture is disrupted due to racism and missionaries
Britain sought to “modernize” India

21. Nationalism in India Call for reforms Religious Issues Remain
India adopts modernization movements
Many Indians adopt western ways
Religious Issues Remain
Formation of the Indian National Congress (1885)
Called for independence from Britain
Formation of the Muslim League (1906)
Many Muslims did not trust Hindus within India

22. Imperialism in Southeast Asia
European Powers Invade the “Pacific Rim”
Lands of Southeast Asia that border the Pacific Ocean
Britain – Malaysia, Burmia, and Singapore
Netherlands – Indonesia
France – Indochina (Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia)
Why?
Land perfect for establishing trading and military posts
Excellent for plantation agriculture

24. England’s
Empire
Grows

25. V. Imperialism in China and Japan
China vs. The West
China was self-sufficient – no need for trade
Europeans were able to shift the balance
Sale of Opium – addictive drug from poppy plant
Opium War ( )– China vs. Britain
China loses – signs Treaty of Nanjing
Extraterritoriality – foreigners were not subject to Chinese laws
Chinese power over the West ends

26. Imperialism
in China

27. Imperialism in Japan
Japan remained isolated from western world for centuries – only traded mainly with China
Treaty of Kanagawa (1854) – ends Japan’s isolation
Japan begins to modernize beginning in 1867
Japan was competitive with the west in many modern industries

28. THE END