1. Fungi

2. INTRODUCTION EUKARYOTES NON-MOTILE HETEROTROPHS (ABSORPTIVE)
MOST ARE MULTICELLULAR.
Reproduction is both sexual and asexual
Cell walls made of chitin

4. Characteristics
Decomposers (saprobes), parasites, mutualistic symbionts (lichens)
Hyphae: body filaments
Mycelium: network of hyphae

5. Fungus Life Cycle Rhizopus Stolonifera is the common black bread mould
The small black dots or fuzz on the bread are reproductive structure of the bread mould.
The bread mould reproduces asexual but can also reproduce sexually when times are favorable by zygospores
These are diploid cells that contain two copies of every chromosome.
A thick wall develops around the zygospore for protection. The zygospore remains dormant until conditions are favorable for growth. Once this happens the zygospore will absorb water and the nuclei will undergo meiosis

6. Cont’d
Sexual Reproduction Phase; The zygospores develop after two haploid (monoploid) hyphae of opposite types (+ and – mating strains) combine and fuse together to form zygospores. The bread mould is made up of two forms of hyphae. The horizontal hyphae are the stolons and the downward growing hyphae are the rhiziods.
The stolens spread out over the surface of the bread while the rhiziods anchor the mycelium to the bread surface. The rhiziods secrete enzymes that digest the food and absorb the digested nutrients

8. DIVERSITY OF FUNGI (DON’T COPY…)

9. Fungal Groups Phy: Chytridiomycota aquatic fungi; chytrids
closest to protists (flagella)
Phy: Zygomycota
Rhizopus (food mold)
mycorrhizae: mutualistic with plant roots •

10. Fungal Groups con’t
Phy.: Ascomycota •sac fungi • yeasts, truffles, morels •asci: spores
Phy.: Basidiomycota • club fungus •mushrooms, puffballs, shelf fungus, rusts •basidiocarps: produce spores

11. Molds
•only the asexual stage (asexual spores)
•Penicillium (antibiotic, cheese)
Yeasts
•unicellular, asexual budding
•Saccharomyces (bread, alcohol)

12. Lichens
• symbiotic association held in a hyphae mesh
•alga provides food, fungus provides physical environment
•pioneer organisms
Mycorrhizae
•root and fungi mutualism
•found in 95% of vascular plants
•exchange of organic minerals
•increases absorptive surface of roots

13. ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS OF FUNGI
Without Fungi and Bacteria, ecosystems would be deprived of essential recycling of nutrients.
Fungi are especially important decomposers of wood.

14. Examples of a diverse group…

15. Chytrids

16. Rhizopus

17. Wine glass mushroom

18. Mold

19. Yeast

20. Rust

21. Mycorrhizae

22. Penicillium

23. Blue Cheese

24. Ring Worm

25. Athlete’s Foot

27. Bracket Fungus

28. Truffles

29. Morels

30. Shelf Fungus