1. CONCEPTION
Mrs. Anthony

2. VOCAB (reproductive system)
Vagina
Cervix
Fallopian Tubes
Uterus
Ovaries
Ovum
Sperm
Zygote
Conception
Embryo
Fetus

3. Female Reproductive Organs

5. Ovulation
Ovulation:1 time every 28 days an ovum (egg cell) is released by one of the two ovaries
Usually 1 egg is released
Hormones are also released at the same time in order to prepare the uterus in the event that the ovum is fertilized
Uterus: an organ where the baby develops during pregnancy (pear shaped)
Hysterectomy: Uterus is removed
During ovulation the inner lining of the uterus grows & thickens
If the ovum is not fertilized by a sperm the lining breaks down & passes out of the body = menstrual period (bleeding)
After ovulation an egg is capable of being fertilized for hours

6. Egg Transport
The ovum is released from the ovary & moves through the fallopian tube to the uterus
This journey takes 2-3 days (It stays in the fallopian tubes waiting to be fertilized for about 24 hours)
Muscular contractions takes place, which creates a forward motion transport for the egg to get to the uterus
If egg isn’t fertilized it moves down toward uterus and disintegrates, then your body will shed the thick lining of the uterus (menstrual period)

7. Sperm Transport Sperm must be:
Capable of propelling through the environment of a female vagina and cervix
The environment must be able to admit the sperm without destroying the sperm
The sperm must possess the capability of converting to a form that can penetrate the cell membrane of the egg
After ejaculation the sperm form a gel that protects it from the acidic environment of the vagina
Once the sperm have entered the uterus, contractions propel the sperm upward into the fallopian tubes.
Sperm enter the uterus within minutes after ejaculation
Sperm can survive in the reproductive tract for up to five days

8. Conception cont…
If a sperm reaches the fallopian tube, it may penetrate (enter) and fertilize the ovum if there is one to penetrate
The process of the sperm fertilizing the ovum is the beginning of conception
The fertilized egg stays in the fallopian tube dividing into cells until it makes it way to the uterus
The fertilized egg is called a ZYGOTE at this stage
Remember the ovum lives for hours & sperm can live for 5 days
If someone has intercourse on Monday, but ovulation doesn’t take place until Friday conception can still take place)
There are about 5-7 days during which intercourse could lead to conception

10. Implantation An embryo must implant and begin to grow in the uterus
In order for this to happen:
The fertilized egg is called a ZYGOTE
Increases by cell division while it travels to the uterus
It multiplies into a ball of cells as it travels
The balls of cells then “nest” in the uterus
Fertilization + Implantation = Conception
Usually takes 6-12 days
Ectopic Pregnancy: Fertilized egg doesn’t make it to the uterus to grow and the baby starts to grow somewhere else
Does not end in a live birth
Very dangerous to the mother

12. Implantation Cont…
Once the zygote attaches to the uterus and has been fertilized for about 4 weeks it is then called an EMBRYO.
Some women might notice slight bleeding (spotting) from the baby implanting into their uterus
At 9 weeks it is then called a FETUS until the end of pregnancy.
In week 1 a hormone is made (hCg) that can be detected in your blood –Doctors can tell
A home pregnancy test does not detect the hormone until 3- 4 weeks

13. Chromosomes & Genes
# of births are determined during conception or right after
Cells divide= mitosis
Identical Twins: when sperm fertilizes the ovum, the cell begins to divide as cells divides the mass of cells may split into ½ creating 2 separate embryo
1 ovum, 1 sperm = twins have very identical characteristics, and are ALWAYS same sex.
Fraternal Twins:
2 eggs released from ovaries at the same time & are fertilized by 2 different sperms
Twins might not look alike and can be opposite sex
Out of 1,000 births: 4 Identical, 23 Fraternal
At conception every baby receives 46 chromosomes (23 pairs)
23 from Mother
23 from Father
The male determines the sex of the baby

16. Diagram

17. Name the parts!

19. VOCAB (support system for embryo) *Get words from book*
Amniotic sac:
Amniotic fluid:
Placenta:
Umbilical Cord: