1. YSO Jets: Feedback from Mesoscopic to Macroscopic scales
Adam Frank
University of Rochester
Andrew Cunningham, Kris Yirak
Eric Blackman, Alice Quillen,
Sorin Mitran (UNC), John Bally (CU),
Pat Hartigan (Rice)

2. The Tool: AstroBEAR AMR Code
Cunningham, Frank, Varniere & Mitran 2007*
“Block” AMR
Choice of solvers/integrators
Parallel – load balance
Multi-physics modules:
Ionization and H2Chemistry
heat conduction
*self-gravity
*rad trans (diff limit)
MHD Flux conservation via CT

3. Radiative Outflows in Heterogeneous Media Cunningham, Frank, Varniere & Mitran 2007*

4. Feedback on Meso & Maco Scales.
Microscopic = launch region (L < 100 AU)
Mesoscopic = Individual outflow (L < .1 pc)
Macroscopic = Cluster/pc-scale flow ( L ~ 1 pc)
Mesoscopic
Outflow’s affect on “envelope”:
density
velocity
emission

5. Scattered Light Cavities Laski, Frank, Cunningham 2007*
Explore envelope shaping via:
Jets
Wide Angle Winds
Envelope: rotating collapse.
Use scattered-light code for images
Wood et al…
Shang et al. 2006
10000 au

6. Macroscopic Scales: Outflow Feedback & Turbulence
Can space-filling isotropic turbulence be driven by needles (jets), or balloons (outflows)?
Explicate mechanisms.
Connection with observational structures.
Global Analytics – Matzner, Tan, Krumhotz, others
Global sims – Maclow 2000, Nakamura & Li 2005, 2007
Resolution critical for jet sims : Rj ~ 20 zones.
Observation: total outflow energy budgets = cloud/cluster turbulent energy (Walawender et al 2006, Sandell & Knee 2001).
Observation: Parsec outflows common (Bally, Devine Reipurth, Ray)
Typical cloud size/stellar density => whole cluster overrun by outflows.
Tens/Hundreds proto-stars eject enough Ek replenish Eturb.

7. Project 1: Outflow Collisions as a Route to Turbulence Explore effect of single collisions on accelerating ambient material. Vary impact parameter b Cunningham, Frank & Blackman 2006

8. Collisions reduce effective “entrainment” Increase Radiative Losses
Results
b = 0
b = rj
b = 5.3 rj
b=0
b=rj
b=5rj
Collisions reduce effective “entrainment”
Increase Radiative Losses
Bad for turbulence.
b=0
b=rj
b=5rj

9. Project 2: Fossil Cavities as Intermediaries to Protostellar Turbulence Observations of NGC 1333 : Quillen et al 2005 Simulations of Fossil Cavities Cunningham et al 2006

10. Project 2: NGC 1333: A Test Case (Quillen et al 2005)
NGC 1333: Numerous active outflows
(Knee & Sandell 2000 Walsh et. al 2006)
Explore High Rez 13CO Data - No correlation of outflows with velocity dispersion. (Ridge et al, COMPLETE)
But…numerous low V cavities seen in channel maps.
No stellar source at center of cavities – Fossil Cavities of extinct outflows.
Scaling relation:
Ek(fossil outflows) ~ Eturb

11. Cavity Simulations Cunningham, Frank, Blackman & Quillen 2006
Explore time-decaying Jets/WAW outflow evolution (Bertout et al 96)
Outflow power decays after 104 y.
Simulation runs for 105 y
Run to 0.5 pc scales
Compare with scaling relations of Quillen et al.
Compare with PV diagrams

12. Fossil Cavity Sims: Jets and WAW
Collimated Jet
Wide Angle Wind (Matzner Class Sol)
Strong deceleration
Rarefactions backfill cavity

13. Fossil Cavity Sims: Results
Quillen et al scaling relation for momentum
Simulation comparison: deviation from scaling relation small
jets
WAW
Time dependent jets/wind
= fossil cavities
= turbulent support

14. Project 3: Radiative Jets in Turbulent Media Mechanism for a single jet Cunningham et al. 2007*

15. Time-dependent Jets in Turbulent Environment
Long Period
2-D slices of 3-D simulation
Short Period

16. Time Dependent Jets in a Turbulent Environment
Intermediate pulse
Long pulse
Without jet, turbulence decays as expected.
With jet, “turbulence” re-energized on all scales.
With jet long “driving” scales energized which
not previously present.

17. Future: Focus on Individual Objects L1551 Frank, Bally, Blackman, Hartigan 200x

18. “Region” between Meso-scale and Macro-scale likely to matter.
Conclusions
Colliding Jets
Interactions of active outflows not important.
NGC 1333/Fossil Cavities
Fossil cavities “store” momentum.
Fossil cavities = transient jets/outflows
Momentum budgets match
Outflows in Turbulent Media
Outflows re-energize turbulence.
“Region” between Meso-scale and Macro-scale likely to matter.