1. Beat the Buzzer! Quiz Thank you!
NOTES FOR VOLUNTEER LEGAL PROFESSIONAL
Start the workshop by introducing yourself. For many students, you’re the first legal professional they’ve ever met. Tell them briefly why you chose your career, why the law interests you, etc.
Also, tell them that you’re here to lead a legal workshop, not to answer specific questions about personal legal problems they might have. If they have this type of question, you can refer them to other resources at the end of the workshop.
This PowerPoint presentation was revised in June Although is it based on general legal concepts that do not change much, we encourage you to look out for legislative changes since that time. Please let us know about any changes that come to your attention. You can also contact us to see if there is a more recent version of the presentation.
These documents are for the exclusive use of Éducaloi and its volunteer legal professionals. If, for example, you want to send this PowerPoint presentation to a teacher, please send a version without the notes under the slides.
Thank you!
© Éducaloi, English version, (Last Update, 2017.)

2. Beat the Buzzer! Introduction Logistics Scoring Questions
NOTES FOR VOLUNTEER LEGAL PROFESSIONAL
Introduction: Explain to students that this is a game show type of quiz on the topic of justice.
Logistics: The quiz consists of two rounds of 15 or 16 questions each. Two teams made up of four to six players square off in each round. (A total of 16 to 24 students can participate.)
Scoring: Each answer is worth one point in most cases. If a team gives the incorrect answer, the opposing team has a chance to answer the question. If the opposing team also answers incorrectly, ask the other students in the class to answer. (No point will be awarded for this question.) We encourage you to regularly call on the students who are not actively participating in the game, to maintain their interest.
Some questions are worth more than a one point. You can explain this as the game progresses. (Explanations are given on the appropriate slides.)
Any volunteers? Volunteer students form two teams that play against each other in rounds one and two. Ask another student to keep score.
Play! After each question, you can supplement the information provided by referring to the comments at the bottom of the slides.
Set aside time at the end: Plan to end the game about five to 10 minutes before the end of class to have time to answer students’ questions.
Introduction
Logistics
Scoring
Questions

3. Beat the Buzzer! Round 1 USEFUL INFORMATION
The questions in Round 1 are on these topics:
Minimum wage
Store refund policies
Price display policies
The Highway Safety Code
Driver's licences
A first apartment
Consent to health care

4. Labour and Consumer Law
NOTES FOR VOLUNTEER LEGAL PROFESSIONAL
Direct the group questions to all players on both teams. The player who presses the buzzer first is allowed to answer the question.
If this player answers incorrectly, finish asking the question (if the player pressed the button before the end of the question) and allow the opposing team to answer.
If the opposing team also answers incorrectly, ask the other students in the class to answer. We encourage you to regularly call on the students who are not actively participating in the game to maintain their interest.
USE OF POWERPOINT PRESENTATION: The answer is on the same page as the question. Click once to advance to the next question and once to show the answer.
Group Questions

5. Question 1 What is the minimum working age in Quebec?
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION FOR STUDENTS
There is no minimum age, but there are guidelines!
The law does not specify the minimum working age.
However, before the age of 14, you must have your parents’ written consent.
If you are under 18, your job must not interfere with your education or your health.
For example, your employer cannot force you to work during school hours.
Source
Act respecting labour standards, CQLR c N-1.1, ss
Answer: There is no minimum age.

6. Question 2 What is the minimum wage in Quebec? Answer: $10.75*/ hour
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION FOR STUDENTS
For employees who earn tips (e.g., waiters), the minimum wage is slightly lower (9,20 $*/ hour).
Minimum wage is usually revised on May 1st of each year based on the cost of living.
The minimum wage rules do not apply to babysitting in someone else’s home. This is an exception to the law.
*Minimum wage as of May 1, 2016.
Sources
Regulation respecting labour standards, CQLR c N-1.1, r 3, s 3
Regulation respecting labour standards, CQLR c N-1.1, r 3, s 4
Act respecting labour standards, CQLR c N-1.1, ss 3(2), (3)(2.1), 54(1)(9) and 54(2)
Answer: $10.75*/ hour

7. Question 3
After how many hours on the job must your employer give you a meal break?
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION FOR STUDENTS
You are not paid during your meal break unless you are required to stay at your post.
This break must be at least 30 minutes.
If you are a unionized employee, your union contract might have different rules than the ones explained here. However they can’t provide conditions that are less than what the Act respecting labour standards offers.
Some employers also offer 10 or 15-minute coffee breaks. They are not required to, but if they do, they must pay you during the break.
Someone who goes to work at the employer’s request or in the normal course of his or her job and who works less than three consecutive hours is entitled to pay equal to three hours at his or her hourly rate. (This does not apply to people whose job usually involves less than three consecutive hours, such as a crossing guard or usher in a movie theatre).
Sources
Act respecting labour standards, CQLR c N-1.1, ss 57, 58 and 79.
schedule/index.html
Answer: Five hours

8. Question 4
How much time do you usually have to use a gift card (prepaid card) before it expires?
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION FOR STUDENTS
This rule came into force in 2010.
If the balance on the card is $5 or less, the merchant must refund the amount if you request it.
There are some exceptions. For example, prepaid cards for cell phones and bus passes can have expiry dates.
Another exception: When the card is for a specific item or service (e.g., massage, entrance to an amusement park, ski lessons), it does not expire, but the merchant can ask you to pay the difference between the price of the item or service when the card was purchased and the price when the card is used.
Sources
No expiry date : Consumer Protection Act, RLRQ c P-40.1, s
$5 or less : Consumer Protection Act, CQLR c P-40.1, s and Regulation respecting the application of the Consumer Protection Act, CQLR c P-40.1, r 3, s 79.5.
Exceptions, expiry dates : Regulation respecting the application of the Consumer Protection Act, CQLR c P-40.1, r 3, s 79.1.
Regulation respecting the application of the Consumer Protection Act, CQLR c P-40.1, r 3, s 79.2.
Answer: There is no time limit.

9. Question 5
After you buy something, how much time do you have to return it if you change your mind?
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION FOR STUDENTS
If the item is not defective, the law does not require merchants to take it back, exchange it or give you a store credit.
Merchants can decide to do all of these things, but they determine the conditions, such as the time limit for returns.
If the item is defective, the law gives you an automatic warranty called the “legal” warranty. This means that the item you bought must work well for a reasonable time. This time is based on the type of item and the price paid. The merchant must choose between fixing the item, exchanging it, or refunding you, even if it was a final sale. 
Sources
Consumer Protection Act, CQLR c P-40.1, s 35, 37-38, 53, 59.
Civil code of Quebec, s 1590, 1716, 1726, 1732.
Answer: The store does not have to take it back.

10. Question 6
You buy a box of cookies at the grocery store and the price at the cash ($5.25) is higher than the price shown on the shelf ($4.00). What should the cashier do?
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION FOR STUDENTS
Under a rule in Quebec called the policy on accurate pricing, the store must give you the box of cookies for free.
This policy applies to most large stores (e.g., grocery stores, pharmacies, big box stores). It applies when the store uses a system of scanners and bar codes to put prices on products.
When it applies to a store, the policy applies to all items in the store, even if some products have their own price labels directly on the product.
Details of this policy:
If the price advertised in a flyer, on the shelf or on a product is $10 or less, the merchant must give you the item at no charge.
If the price advertised in the flyer, on the shelf or on a product is more than $10, the merchant must correct the price of the item to the advertised price and give you a $10 discount off the corrected price.
This rule does not apply where discounts are prohibited (e.g., tobacco, medication) or when the discount would result in a price that is below the minimum established by law for these items (e.g., milk, beer).
Sources
More than $10 : Order in Council respecting the Policy on accurate pricing for merchants who use optical scanner technology, CQLR c P-40.1, s (1)(a)
$10 or less : Order in Council respecting the Policy on accurate pricing for merchants who use optical scanner technology, CQLR c P-40.1, s 1(1)(b).
Answer: The cashier should not charge you for the box of cookies.

11. Criminal and Penal Law Group Questions NOTE
These are still "Group Questions“.
USE OF POWERPOINT PRESENTATION: The answer is on the same page as the question. Click once to advance to the next question and once to show the answer.
Group
Questions

12. Question 7
At what age can you be charged with a crime (drug possession, theft, murder, etc.)?
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION FOR STUDENTS
You can be held responsible for crimes (“criminally responsible”) beginning at age 12.
However, between the ages of 12 and 17, the procedure and the sentences are not the same as for adults.
The law has several measures to avoid sending teenagers through the traditional court process. In some situations, and depending on the seriousness of the crime, the emphasis is on “extrajudicial” measures, such as mediation sessions with the crime victim, social skills workshops and community service.
Sources
Youth Criminal Justice Act, SC 2002, c 1, s 2, sub verbo “young person”, “child”.
Criminal Code, s 13.
Answer: 12

13. Question 8
What is the maximum amount of marijuana you can have in your possession?
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION FOR STUDENTS
It is illegal to possess any amount of marijuana.
Sources
Controlled Drugs and Substances Act, SC 1996, c 19, s 4.
Marijuana (cannabis) is listed in Schedule II of the Act.
Answer: 0 grams

14. Question 9
What is the legal limit of alcohol consumption for new drivers?
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION FOR STUDENTS
The .08 limit (80 mg of alcohol for 100 ml of blood) applies to drivers with a standard licence.
Drivers with a learner’s licence or probationary licence cannot have any alcohol in their blood while driving.
Since April 15, 2012, this zero tolerance rule also applies to drivers 21 years old and under.
It is an offence under the Highway Safety Code for a new driver or a driver 21 years old and under to drive with alcohol in his or her body, even under the limit of .08. The driver’s licence will be suspended for 90 days, and the driver will lose four demerit points. There is also a fine.
If a new driver or a driver 21 years old and under drives with a blood alcohol level over .08, this is a criminal offence (as is the case with all other drivers).
Sources
Highway Safety Code, CQLR c C-24.2, ss (1) (4), (2) and
Criminal Code, ss 255 (1) and 253 (1)(2).
Answer: Zero tolerance!

15. Question 10 Answer: There must be reasonable reasons to search.
Regarding searches of student lockers by school personnel, which of these are true?
School personnel must have a valid reason to think the student has broken a school rule or the law.
They must first read the student his or her rights.
They must be accompanied by a police officer.
They have no right to search a student’s locker.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION FOR STUDENTS
School personnel can search a student or a locker if
they have good reasons to think that a school rule or law has been broken or is being broken, and
that evidence of this will be found in the place searched.
The search must done in a sensitive manner and be minimally intrusive.
Here are examples of reasonable grounds for believing that a rule or law has been broken:
Information from a credible student
Information received from more than one student
A teacher’s or principal’s own observations
Source
R. v. M. (M.R.), [1998] 3 S.C.R. 393, at paras 48, 50 and 54
Answer: There must be reasonable reasons to search.

16. Are you old enough? Group Questions
NOTES FOR VOLUNTEER LEGAL PROFESSIONAL
Direct the group questions to all players on both teams. The player who presses the buzzer first is allowed to answer the question.
If this player answers incorrectly, finish asking the question (if the player pressed the button before the end of the question) and allow the opposing team to answer.
USE OF POWERPOINT PRESENTATION: The answer is on the same page as the question. Click once to advance to the next question and once to show the answer.
Group
Questions

17. Question 11
At what age can you sign a lease for an apartment on your own?
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION FOR STUDENTS
The law does not say that people under 18 (minors) can’t sign a lease, but this does not mean that minors can always sign leases.
The law says minors can enter contracts for their “ordinary” and “usual” needs. The courts usual decide that leases fit into this category for teenagers.
But signing a lease is not an everyday event. It involves a lot of responsibility, including paying the rent. Landlords are allowed to refuse people under 18 if they think they cannot pay the rent.
Landlords who doubt that a prospective tenant under 18 can pay can set some conditions: for example, the landlord can ask that a parent act as a “guarantor” by signing the lease and paying the rent if the teenager does not.
So even if the law allows teenagers to sign leases, this doesn’t mean they can in fact. Landlords can impose conditions.
Sources
Civil Code of Québec, s 157, 1855 and 2333.
Olàh c. Bryan, (C.Q., ), J.E , REJB
Ochoa c. Sciortino, (C.Q ), J.E , EYB
Poulin c. Giroux, (C.Q ), J.E , EYB
Québec (Commission des droits de la personne et des droits de la jeunesse) c. Fondation Abbé Charles-Émile Gadbois, 2001 CanLII 9093 (QC TDP), at para 53 et 54.
René Gauthier, « Le louage » dans Collection de droit , vol. 5, Obligations et contrats, Yvon Bais, 2015, at 245.
Answer: There is no set age.

18. Question 12 At what age are you allowed to get married? Answer: 16
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION FOR STUDENTS
Before the age of 18, the court must authorise the marriage. The minor therefore does not need the consent of their parents. However, the parents will still give the judge their opinion.
When a 16 or 17-year-old gets married, he or she becomes "emancipated" in the eyes of the law.
Emancipated minors have the same civil rights as adults (they can sue someone in court, manage their own money, etc.)
However, emancipated minors are still subject to other age-related restrictions, such as buying alcohol, cigarettes, voting, etc.
Sources
Minimum age of 16 years : Federal Law—Civil Law Harmonization Act, No. 1, SC 2001, c 4, s 6.
Parents’ authorization : Civil Code of Québec, s 373.
Emancipation with respect to civil rights : Civil Code of Quebec, ss 170,
An Act respecting offences relating to alcoholic beverages, CQLR c I-8.1, ss
Federal: Tobacco Act, SC 1997, c 13, s 2 sub verbo “young person” and 8. Provincial : Tabacco control act, CQLR c L-6.2, s 13.
Canada Elections Act, SC 2000, c 9, s 3.
Election Act, CQLR c E-3.3, s 1 a).
Answer: 16

19. Question 13 Answer: Have an abortion
Marianne is 15 years old. Which of the following can she do without her parents’ permission?
Have plastic surgery on her nose
Participate in a clinical drug trial
Have an abortion
Give blood
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION FOR STUDENTS
Abortion: Parental permission is not necessary for teenagers 14 and over, but if the teenager is hospitalized for more than 12 hours, the parents are notified.
Plastic Surgery: Beginning at 14, teenagers can agree to elective treatments (not strictly required for health reasons) without their parents’ permission, except if the treatment involves serious health risks or could cause serious and permanent side-effects. Since plastic surgery usually has a risk of complications and its effects are permanent, parents must give permission.
Clinical Trials: For teenagers under 18, the parents must give permission, and the trial cannot involve serious risks to the child’s health.
Giving Blood: In theory, with the permission of their parents and a court, teenagers under 18 can donate parts of the body that regenerate, such as blood, as long as the risk is minimal. However, Héma-Québec, which manages the blood supply in Quebec, only accepts blood donations from people 18 years old and older.
Sources
Plastic Surgery: Civil Code of Québec, art. 17; S. Philips-Nootens, P. Lesage-Jarjoura & R.P. Kouri, Éléments de responsabilité civile médicale : le droit dans le quotidien de la médecine, 3rd ed. (Cowansville : Yvon Blais, 2007) at 236.
Piercings and Tattoos: The current case law is not consistent:
Bédard c. Roussin Parfumerie inc., 2006 QCCQ 1074 et Corbeil c. Ladouceur (Boutique Enigma), 2012 QCCQ 402: Some experts think that the law does not require parental permission for teenagers under 14 to have certain types of piercings, such as piercing a belly button or an ear. But these experts think that permission would be required for tongue piercings or a tattoo. Other experts think that permission from parents is always required. For teenagers 14 to 17 years old, the majority of judges and lawyers think that you can make this kind of decision on your own if you are able to understand the impact of your decision, and there are no serious risks for your health. But salons are free to make their own rules and refuse to give a tattoo to someone under 18 or ask for parental permission.
Abortion: Civil Code of Québec, s 14(2); R.P. Kouri and S. Philips-Nootens, L’intégrité de la personne et le consentement aux soins, 3rd ed, Cowansville, Yvon Blais, 2012, at paras , ; S. Philips-Nootens, P. Lesage-Jarjoura & R.P. Kouri, Éléments de responsabilité civile médicale : le droit dans le quotidien de la médecine, 3rd ed. (Cowansville: Yvon Blais, 2007) at 234.
Clinical Trials: Civil Code of Québec, s 21; S. Philips-Nootens, P. Lesage-Jarjoura & R.P. Kouri, Éléments de responsabilité civile médicale : le droit dans le quotidien de la médecine, 3rd ed. (Cowansville: Yvon Blais, 2007) at 238.
Giving Blood: Civil Code of Québec, art. 19(2); Héma-Québec (2013): quebec.qc.ca/sang/donneur-sang/puis-je-donner/age.en.html
Answer: Have an abortion

20. Question 14
According to Facebook’s policies, at what age can you open an account (personal profile)?
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION FOR STUDENTS
People under 13 can’t sign up unless they lie about their age.
TWITTER: There doesn’t appear to be a minimum age for becoming a member.
Instagram: minimum age is 13yrs old.
Pinterest: minimum age is 13yrs old.
Youtube: minimum age is 13yrs old.
Sources
Section 4(5) of Facebook’s terms of service:
Twitter: twitter.com/tos .
Instagram: instagram.com/about/legal/terms/
Pinterest: about.pinterest.com/fr/terms-service
Youtube:
Answer: 13

21. Question 15
At what age can you gamble or bet money (lottery tickets, slot machines, sports betting, etc.)?
Sources
Restriction on selling lottery and gaming tickets to a minor : An Act respecting the Société des loteries du Québec, CQLR c S-13.1, s 25.1.
Answer: 18

22. Question 16
At what age can you take a passenger on your moped (scooter)?
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION FOR STUDENTS
You can get a license to operate a moped starting at the age of 14.
To transport another person, the moped must be equipped with a fixed seat and footrests for this passenger.
No one under 16 driving a moped can take passengers. The fine for this is $100.
Source
Highway Safety Code, CQLR c C-24.2, ss. 67 para 2, 480, 480.1, 508.1
Answer: 16

23. Question 17
You are14 years old. You are a passenger in a car. The police stop the car and you are not wearing your seatbelt. Who gets the demerit points?
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION FOR STUDENTS
Everyone must wear a seatbelt while a car is moving.
Not wearing a seatbelt is worth three demerit points.
As of 14 years of age, you can be held responsible for what are called regulatory offences, like breaking the Highway Safety Code. Even if you don’t have a driver’s licence yet, you can get demerit points on your driver’s file. You can also be fined.
Demerit points are registered in your file with the Société de l’assurance automobile du Québec (SAAQ). These points are erased after two years.
The driver of the vehicle in which you were a passenger can also get demerit points and a fine, even if that person was wearing a seatbelt. When it comes to passengers under 16, the driver has a duty to make sure they are wearing their seatbelts.
Source
Highway Safety Code, CQLR c C-24.2, ss 396, 113, 116 and 401
Regulation Respecting Demerit Points, CQLR, c C-24.2, r 37, schedule, s 21.
Code of Penal Procedure, CQLR c C-25.1, s 5
See also:
Answer: You and the driver

24. Beat the Buzzer! New Teams Round 2
NOTES FOR VOLUNTEER LEGAL PROFESSIONAL
Round 2 includes questions about these topics:
The legal system
Organization of the courts
Legal professions
The main symbols of justice
Some important laws, such as the Criminal Code and charters of rights
New Teams

25. Group Questions ? NOTES FOR VOLUNTEER LEGAL PROFESSIONAL
Direct the group questions to all players on both teams. The player who presses the buzzer first is allowed to answer the question.
If this player answers incorrectly, finish asking the question (if the player pressed the button before the end of the question) and let the opposing team answer.
If the opposing team also answers incorrectly, ask the other students in the class to answer. We encourage you to regularly call on the students who are not actively participating in the game to maintain their interest.
USE OF POWERPOINT: The answer is on the same page as the question. Click once to advance to the next question and once to show the answer.

26. Question 1
Which Canadian law prohibits actions like theft and intentionally hurting someone?
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION FOR STUDENTS
Intentionally injuring someone is called "assault" in the Criminal Code.
In Canada, most crimes, and the punishments for those crimes (the "sentences"), are included in the Criminal Code.
The Criminal Code has about 850 sections on crimes ranging from murder to "alarming” (frightening)  her Majesty the Queen.
Some sections are applied less often than others. Infrequent crimes include
hiding an army deserter,
challenging someone to a duel, and
witchcraft. 
Sources
Theft: Criminal Code, s 322 ff.
Assault: Criminal Code, ss 265 and 266.
Alarming Her Majesty the Queen: Criminal Code, s 49.
Helping a deserter: Criminal Code, s 54.
Duelling: Criminal Code, s 71.
Witchcraft : Criminal Code, s 365.
Answer: The Criminal Code

27. Question 2 How many jurors are there in a criminal trial with a jury?
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION FOR STUDENTS
As a general rule, any Canadian citizen 18 or over who is on the list of electors can be summoned to be a juror in a trial with a jury.
Some people cannot be jurors: judges, members of the House of Commons, members of the National Assembly, police officers, fire fighters, lawyers, notaries, coroners, people charged with or convicted of a crime, etc.
Some people can be exempted (excused) from jury duty: people 65 years of age or older, people with disabilities, anyone who has been a juror in the last five years, individuals whose health or family situation prevents it, etc.
People summoned for jury duty do not automatically become jurors: first they have to appear at the courthouse at the date and time indicated on the notice they received. At that time, jurors are selected from everyone who got a notice.
Jurors receive ± $100 per day for each day of a hearing or deliberations, plus compensation for certain expenses (meals, transportation, childcare, accommodations, etc.). The amount of compensation rises as of the 57th day after jury selection.
Sources
Criminal code, s 631 (5).
Jurors Act, CQLR c J-2, ss 3 and 8
Jurors Act, CQLR c J-2, s 4
Jurors Act, CQLR c J-2, s 5
Jurors Act, CQLR c J-2, ss 27, 33 and 40
Regulation respecting indemnities and allowances to jurors, CQLR c J-2, r 1, s 1
Answer: 12

28. Question 3
How many years does a lawyer have to work before being eligible to become a judge?
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION FOR STUDENTS
Quebec has about 462 judges. They work at the Court of Québec, the Superior Court, the Court of Appeal and the Supreme Court of Canada, which sits in Ottawa. (This figure does not include administrative judges and municipal court judges.)
Various countries have various rules on becoming a judge:
In Quebec, judges are appointed after they have practised law for 10 years.
France has a special school for judges, who are not required to practise law first.
In the United States, some judges are elected.
Sources
Judges Act, CQLR c J-1, s 3
Supreme Court Act, RCS 1985, c S-26, s 4 (1)
Courts of Justice Act, CQLR c T-16 :
Court of Appeal = 20 judges + 20 supernumerary (s. 6)
Court of Québec = 290 judges (s. 85)
Superior Court = 152 judges supernumerary (s. 21)
Quebec: Constitution Act, 1867 (UK), 30& 31 Vict, c 3, s 96 and 101, reprinted in RCS 1985, Appendix II, No 5 and Courts of Justice Act, CQLR c T-16, s 86.
France: École Nationale de la Magistrature :
United States:
Answer: 10 years

29. Question 4 What is the highest court in Quebec?
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION FOR STUDENTS
The Supreme Court is the highest court in Canada.
The Court of Appeal is the highest court in Quebec.
20 judges sit on the Court of Appeal.
Sources
Courts of Justice Act, CQLR c T-16, s 6 and 9.
Supreme Court Act, RCS c S-26, s 52 (ultimate and exclusive jurisdiction for appeals).
Answer: The Court of Appeal

30. Question 5 In which city is the Supreme Court of Canada located?
NOTE: Do not tell students how many judges sit on the Supreme Court of Canada because that is the next question.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION FOR STUDENTS
The Supreme Court of Canada is the highest court in the country, which means its decisions are final (cannot be appealed).
This was not always the case. Until 1949, it was possible to appeal a decision to a higher court in England: the Privy Council in London.
Example: In 1928, the Supreme Court was asked to interpret the expression “qualified persons” in a Canadian law about who could be appointed to the Senate. The Supreme Court held that “qualified persons” meant men only and that women were not persons under this law. The judgment was overruled (changed) by the Privy Council in London in 1930.
Sources
Supreme Court Act, RCS c S-26, s 52 (exclusive and ultimate jurisdiction in appeals).
History of the Supreme Court of Canada:
The "Persons" case (1928): Edwards v. Canada (A.G.), [1930] A.C. 124
Answer: Ottawa

31. Tous droits réservés © CSC Andrew Balfour
Question 6
How many judges sit on the Supreme Court of Canada?
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION FOR STUDENTS
At least three judges on the Supreme Court must be from Quebec.
They can sit on the court until the age of 75.
At least five judges must hear a case.
An odd number of judges must hear a case because a majority decision is required.
Sources
Supreme Court Act, RCS c S-26, s 4 (one chief justice and eight puisne judges.)
Supreme Court Act, RCS c S-26, s 6 (three judges from Quebec)
Reference re Supreme Court Act, ss. 5 and 6, 2014 SCC 21, at paras
Supreme Court Act, RCS c S-26, s. 9(2) (maximum age of 75)
Supreme Court Act, RCS c S-26, s 25
Answer: Nine
Tous droits réservés © CSC Andrew Balfour

32. Question 7
In what court should I sue someone if my claim is for $15,000 or less?
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION FOR STUDENTS
People represent themselves in small claims court because they are not allowed to be represented by lawyers.
To prepare for hearings, help is available on the Internet and from clerks at courthouses.
The judge plays a more active role in small claims court than in other courts. In a fair and impartial way, he or she asks questions, explains the court process and helps people present their arguments.
The people involved in the case can ask a lawyer for advice, but the lawyer cannot come to court.
Sources
Code of Civil Procedure, CQLR c C-25.01, ss 88, 536, 542 and 560.
*The limit for claims in this court was raised from $7,000 to $15,000 on January 1, 2015.
Answer: The Small Claims Division of the Court of Québec

33. Question 8
Themis, the goddess of justice, is holding a sword. What else is she holding?
NOTES FOR VOLUNTEER LEGAL PROFESSIONAL
Begin by asking students to explain which item represents justice in this picture, and expand on their answers using the following information:
The scale is a symbol of justice; the judge weighs each argument before making a decision.
The sword represents the fact that justice involves making decisions and sometimes ordering a punishment.
The blindfold Themis is wearing symbolizes the judge’s impartiality, which means not favouring one party over another.
Sources
Website of the Direction de l’information légale et administrative:
H . Duccini, Les images de la justice dans l’estampe, de 1750 à 1789 , 15 Le temps des médias 38 (Fall 2010), pp
Answer: A scale

34. Question 9
POSSIBLE ANSWERS: (This list is not exhaustive.)
Examples of rights protected by both the Canadian and Quebec charters:
freedom of expression
freedom of religion
right to equality and freedom from discrimination (based on race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, sex, age and other characteristics)
right to life, liberty and security of the person
right against unreasonable search or seizure
right to a lawyer if a person is held by police or arrested for a crime
right of an accused to be tried within a reasonable time
Examples of rights protected by either the Canadian or the Quebec charter:
The Canadian Charter recognizes the following:
rights and freedoms of aboriginal peoples
several rights concerning the use of French and English
The Quebec Charter recognizes the following:
Economic and social rights that are not mentioned in the Canadian Charter, including:
right to free public education
right to fair and reasonable work conditions
right of the elderly and the disabled to protection against exploitation 
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION FOR STUDENTS
Because of their importance, some rights receive better protection than others under special laws called “charters.” These laws concern the fundamental values on which our society is based.
The Canadian Charter only applies to actions and decisions of the State (federal or provincial government, public agencies, municipalities, police forces, etc.). In contrast, the Quebec Charter applies to the Quebec government and private dealings between people (e.g., between a tenant and a landlord).
Sources
Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, ss 1-34, Part I of the Constitution Act, 1982, being Schedule B to the Canada Act 1982 (UK), 1982, c 11.
Quebec Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms, CQLR c C-12, ss 1-48
Commission des droits de la personne et des droits de la jeunesse, Après 25 ans, la Charte québécoise des droits et libertés, vol. 1 (2003)
Name three rights protected by the Canadian and Quebec charters of rights.
Right to life, liberty and security of the person
Right to equality and freedom from discrimination
Freedom of expression
Freedom of religion
Possible Answers:

35. Question 10 In this list, who is not a lawyer? Attorney Legal counsel
Court clerk
Member of the Barreau du Québec (Quebec Bar)
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION FOR STUDENTS
Court clerks work in courthouses. They schedule court cases and are in charge of the documents used during cases. Court clerks also ask witnesses to tell “the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth.”
A word about the other titles listed:
The term "attorney"  is often used as a synonym for "lawyer." For example, lawyers who represent governments and who try cases on their behalf are usually called attorneys.  
Only lawyers and notaries can give legal advice.
The Bar is the professional order for lawyers. All lawyers who practise in Quebec must be members of the Bar of Québec.
The Chambre des notaires du Québec (chamber of notaries) is the professional order of notaries. All notaries who practise in Quebec must be members of the Chambre des notaires du Québec.
Sources
Only lawyers can give legal advice: Act respecting the Barreau du Québec, CQLR c B-1, ss 136 a), 133 
Notaries Act, CQLR c N-3, s 1 and 10  
Answer: Court clerk

36. The Legal World Group Questions Clue Questions 4 … 3 … 2 … 1 point!
NOTES FOR VOLUNTEER LEGAL PROFESSIONAL
The next set of questions are still group questions: they are directed to all players on both teams. The player who presses the buzzer or raises a hand first can answer the question.
This set of questions is also “clue questions”: players must identify the person, event or thing after three to four clues. The sooner the correct answer is given, the more points the team receives (Four points for answering after the first clue, three points for answering after the second clue, two points for answering after the third clue and one point for answering after the last clue).
USE OF POWERPOINT PRESENTATION: All the clues appear on the same page. Click once to advance to the next clue.

37. Question 11 Who am I? Answer: I am Queen Elizabeth II.4
My name appears in criminal law court decisions. 3
I am the head of the Canadian state.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION FOR STUDENTS
The Queen is still the head of state of Canada. However, in practice, it is the Prime Minister of Canada and elected members of Parliament who actually make the decisions.
The Queen has representatives in Canada: the Governor General is the Queen’s representative for all of Canada, and each province has a Lieutenant Governor.
Source
Constitution Act, 1867 (UK), 30& 31 Vict, c 3, s. 9 and 10, reprinted in RCS 1985, Appendix II, No 5 2
My picture is on $20 bills. 1
I am still alive, and I am over 80 years old.
Answer: I am Queen Elizabeth II.

38. Question 12 What am I? Answer: I am the National Assembly.4
I am in a building in Quebec City that celebrated its 130th anniversary in 2016.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION FOR STUDENTS
The building that houses the National Assembly is called the “hôtel du Parlement.”
It was built between 1877 and 1886 by Eugène-Étienne Taché.
Mr. Taché was inspired by the Louvre museum and especially by the history of Quebec. This is why the words “Je me souviens” (I remember) are written above the main entrance. A few years later, it became Quebec’s official motto.
Sources
National Assembly website:
Election Act, CQLR c E-3.3, s 14 (between 122 and 125 electoral divisions)
See also: 3
I am an important feature of democracy. 2
My role is to study and adopt laws. 1
I have 125 members.
Answer: I am the National Assembly.

39. Question 13 Who am I? Answer: I am a coroner.
I have a degree in either law or medicine.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION FOR STUDENTS
Medical examiners perform autopsies requested by coroners.
Quebec has about 110 coroners.
The coroner plays a social role by preventing deaths. The police are responsible for solving the crime.
Sources
Act respecting the determination of the causes and circumstances of death, CQLR c R-0.2, ss 1, 6.
Regulation respecting criteria and procedures for selecting persons fit for the post of coroner, CQLR c R-0.2, r 2, art 5.
Directory of coroners: 2
I am appointed by the government, and investigate violent deaths and deaths from unknown causes. 1
I make recommendations to prevent other similar deaths.
Answer: I am a coroner.

40. The Legal World Identify the Lawyer Correct Answer = 1 Point
NOTES FOR VOLUNTEER LEGAL PROFESSIONAL
The following questions are "Team Questions“: only one team is allowed to answer.
(Question 14 for Team A / Question 15 for Team B)
Give the teams 10 seconds to discuss their answers amongst themselves.
If a team answers incorrectly, the opposing team is not allowed to answer.
USE OF POWERPOINT PRESENTATION: The answer is on the same page as the question. Click once to advance to the next question and once to show the answer.
Identify the Lawyer
Correct Answer = 1 Point
Team Questions

41. Question 14 Team A – Identify the Lawyer Barack Obama George W. Bush
John F. Kennedy
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION FOR STUDENTS
Barack Obama is a lawyer. He earned his law degree from Harvard in 1991.
John F. Kennedy studied economics, history and U.S. politics at Harvard.
George W. Bush has a Masters in Business Administration from Harvard Business School.

42. Question 15 Team B – Identify the Lawyer George W. Bush Justin Trudeau
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION FOR STUDENTS
Justin Trudeau has a degree in literature from McGill University and a degree in education from University of British Columbia.
René Lévesque began studying law at Université Laval but didn’t complete his studies. He was a journalist by profession.
Jean Charest has been a lawyer since He studied at Université de Sherbrooke.
© Chambre des communes
© Chambre des communes
© Assemblée nationale du Québec
© Assemblée nationale du Québec
© Assemblée nationale du Québec
© Assemblée nationale du Québec
Justin Trudeau
René Lévesque
Jean Charest
George W. Bush

43. What’s the score? NOTES FOR VOLUNTEER LEGAL PROFESSIONAL
You’ve reached the end of the game.
Ask the student who kept score to tally the points and declare a winner.
Don’t spend too much time on this so that you can move on to questions.

44. The end! Conclusion Questions? Resources
NOTES FOR VOLUNTEER LEGAL PROFESSIONAL
We suggest that you ask students to return to their places for a short question period about the game or general legal concepts.
Students often have questions about the work of lawyers, notaries and judges, and about careers in law generally. Remember that some students might be doing career exploration projects.
If a student asks a question about a particular personal legal situation, we suggest you refer the student to the resources mentioned in the following slides.
Questions?
Resources

45. ÉDUCALOI IN BRIEF
Éducaloi is a non-profit organization founded in 2000.
Its mission is to explain the law to Quebecers in everyday language.
Éducaloi strongly believes that citizens need to know about the law that touches their daily lives. And legal education must begin in the classroom!
Éducaloi consists of about 20 professionals: lawyers, notaries and communications experts. It also relies on the collaboration of volunteer legal professionals to carry out its mission.
USEFUL INFORMATION
In orange is Éducaloi’s Youth Zone.
It has legal information on issues in the everyday lives of students: family, health, shopping, etc.
A careers section describes 15 law-related careers.
The Youth Zone also has free educational resources for teachers.
…and more!
In blue is information for the general public.
You can search “The Law by Topic.” 
You can also watch “Éducaloi.tv.” 

46. Resources USEFUL INFORMATION
There are a lot of resources for students who want to learn more about their legal rights and responsibilities or ask a legal professional specific questions. We’ve listed some of these resources below. But there are many more. If you have ideas for resources that should be added, please pass them on to the students and contact us so we can update our list.
The Young Bar of Montreal (Association du Jeune Barreau de Montréal - AJBM) offers a free telephone consultation service for 12 to 20-year-olds. It is called “I’ll talk to my lawyer on Wednesday!”. If students have legal questions about a personal situation, they can fill out a form on the AJBM’s website and a volunteer lawyer will call them back within a week. Priority is given to young people in the Montreal area, but depending on the availability of the volunteer lawyers, the service is also offered in other regions.
The Commission des services juridiques is the organization responsible for legal aid. For more information on legal aid, please visit their website:
Tel-jeunes is a free and confidential bilingual helpline with counsellors who can be reached at all times of the day and night. Tel-jeunes counsellors can suggest resources and provide information on many subjects: bullying and violence, sexuality, work, school, etc. See the website: or call

47. Thank you! Thank you! ! NOTES FOR VOLUNTEER LEGAL PROFESSIONAL
Thank you for participating. We hope you enjoyed the experience and that we’ll see you again.
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